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<article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="article__header"><header><h1 style="color:Tomato;">grep - awk - sed</h1></header></div>
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<summary><b>Afficher/cacher Sommaire</b></summary>
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</details><h2 id="grep">grep</h2>
<p><em>La commande grep chaîne fichier permet d’extraire de fichier toutes les lignes</em></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.startpage.com/do/dsearch?query=linux+commande+grep&amp;cat=web&amp;pl=opensearch&amp;language=francais">Recherche du mot “grep”</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2011/10/grep-or-and-not-operators/">Linux Grep OR, Grep AND, Grep NOT Operator Examples</a></li>
<li><a href="https///wodric.com/commande-grep/">Commande grep : Rechercher une aiguille dans un système</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.codecoffee.com/tipsforlinux/articles/25.html">How to use the most popular command in Unix - Grep </a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.laurent-napias.com/post/2016/02/13/grep-rechercher-de-maniere-recursive-un-terme-ou-plusieurs-dans-tous-les-fichiers-dun-repertoire">Grep, rechercher de manière récursive un terme (ou plusieurs) dans tous les fichiers d’un répertoire</a></li>
</ul>
<p>bash_completion est le MOTIF recherché et /usr l’endroit où on le recherche (ici dans le dossier /usr). C’est un exemple simple pour voir les différences entre les deux propositions, je vous invite à faire les tests ci-dessous.
grep –color=auto -iRnH ‘bash_completion’ /usr # Proposition chez sois-net.fr</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>-i : Ignorer la casse aussi bien dans le MOTIF (dans notre exemple c’est bash_completion) que dans les fichiers
-R : Lire récursivement tous les fichiers à l’intérieur de chaque répertoire. Suivre tous les liens symboliques, contrairement à -r
-n : Préfixer chaque ligne de sortie par le numéro de la ligne dans le fichier. La numérotation commence à la ligne 1
-H : Afficher le nom du fichier pour chaque correspondance. C’est le comportement par défaut quand la recherche est effectuée sur plusieurs fichiers (on peut donc s’en passer car c’est le comportement par défaut et qu’on utilise l’option -R…)
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>grep --color=auto -RInis 'bash_completion' /usr # Ma proposition
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>-R : Lire récursivement tous les fichiers à l’intérieur de chaque répertoire. Suivre tous les liens symboliques, contrairement à -r
-I : Traiter un fichier binaire comme s’il ne contenait aucune correspondance (très utile mais là c’est un choix donc à vous de voir, je ne cherche jamais un MOTIF dans un fichier binaire. Avec cette option grep n’ira pas chercher notre MOTIF dans des fichiers binaires comme /usr/bin/ssh ou /usr/bin/top. J’ajoute qu’un fichier binaire est un fichier qui n’est pas un fichier texte par définition)
-n : Préfixer chaque ligne de sortie par le numéro de la ligne dans le fichier. La numérotation commence à la ligne 1
-i : Ignorer la casse aussi bien dans le MOTIF que dans les fichiers
-s : Ne pas afficher les messages d’erreur concernant les fichiers inexistants ou illisibles (très utile ça évite des messages comme grep: /usr/lib/firefox/hyphenation: Aucun fichier ou dossier de ce type ou encore quand on n’est pas root des messages comme grep: /usr/lib/ssl/private: Permission non accordée)
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Le cas <strong>–color=auto</strong> ou <strong>–color=always</strong></p>
<p>Avec <strong>–color=always</strong> si on chaîne la sortie vers une commande (via un pipe |) ou si on redirige la sortie vers un fichier (via &gt; ou ») alors les caractères liés aux couleurs ne seront pas bien interprétés.</p>
<p>Avec <strong>–color=auto</strong>, les couleurs sont affichées sur la sortie sauf si on chaîne la sortie vers une commande ou si on redirige la sortie vers un fichier, on évite ainsi les caractères liés aux couleurs mal interprétés.</p>
<p>A noter que la plupart des utilisateurs voudront utiliser <strong>less</strong> ET avoir la <strong>couleur</strong>, on procèdera donc ainsi :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>grep --color=always -RInis 'bash_completion' /usr | less -R
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="grep-or-operator">Grep OR Operator</h2>
<p>Use any one of the following 4 methods for <strong>grep OR</strong>. I prefer method number 3 mentioned below for grep OR operator.</p>
<h3 id="1-grep-or-using-">1. Grep OR Using <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">\|</code>
</h3>
<p>If you use the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep</code> command without any option, you need to use <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">\|</code> to separate multiple patterns for the or condition.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>grep 'pattern1\|pattern2' filename
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>For example, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep</code> either Tech or Sales from the employee.txt file. Without the back slash in front of the pipe, the following will not work.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ grep 'Tech\|Sales' employee.txt
100 Thomas Manager Sales $5,000
200 Jason Developer Technology $5,500
300 Raj Sysadmin Technology $7,000
500 Randy Manager Sales $6,000
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="2-grep-or-using--e">2. Grep OR Using <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-E</code>
</h3>
<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep -E</code> option is for extended regexp. If you use the grep command with -E option, you just need to use <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">|</code> to separate multiple patterns for the or condition.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>grep -E 'pattern1|pattern2' filename
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>For example, grep either Tech or Sales from the employee.txt file. Just use the <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">|</code> to separate multiple OR patterns.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ grep -E 'Tech|Sales' employee.txt
100 Thomas Manager Sales $5,000
200 Jason Developer Technology $5,500
300 Raj Sysadmin Technology $7,000
500 Randy Manager Sales $6,000
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="3-grep-or-using-egrep">3. Grep OR Using <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">egrep</code>
</h3>
<p>egrep is exactly same as <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep -E</code>. So, use egrep (without any option) and separate multiple patterns for the or condition.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>egrep 'pattern1|pattern2' filename
</code></pre></div></div>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>For example, grep either Tech or Sales from the employee.txt file. Just use the</td>
<td>to separate multiple OR patterns.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ egrep 'Tech|Sales' employee.txt
100 Thomas Manager Sales $5,000
200 Jason Developer Technology $5,500
300 Raj Sysadmin Technology $7,000
500 Randy Manager Sales $6,000
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="4-grep-or-using-grep--e">4. Grep OR Using <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep -e</code>
</h3>
<p>Using <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep -e</code> option you can pass only one parameter. Use multiple -e option in a single command to use multiple patterns for the or condition.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>grep -e pattern1 -e pattern2 filename
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>For example, grep either Tech or Sales from the employee.txt file. Use multiple -e option with grep for the multiple OR patterns.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ grep -e Tech -e Sales employee.txt
100 Thomas Manager Sales $5,000
200 Jason Developer Technology $5,500
300 Raj Sysadmin Technology $7,000
500 Randy Manager Sales $6,000
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="grep-and">Grep AND</h2>
<h3 id="1-grep-and-using--e-pattern1pattern2">1. Grep AND using <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-E ‘pattern1.*pattern2’</code>
</h3>
<p>There is no AND operator in grep. But, you can simulate AND using <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep -E</code> option.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>grep -E 'pattern1.*pattern2' filename
grep -E 'pattern1.*pattern2|pattern2.*pattern1' filename
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>The following example will grep all the lines that contain both “Dev” and “Tech” in it (in the same order).</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ grep -E 'Dev.*Tech' employee.txt
200 Jason Developer Technology $5,500
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>The following example will grep all the lines that contain both “Manager” and “Sales” in it (in any order).</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ grep -E 'Manager.*Sales|Sales.*Manager' employee.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Note: Using regular expressions in grep is very powerful if you know how to use it effectively.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="2-grep-and-using-multiple-grep-command">2. Grep AND using Multiple grep command</h3>
<p>You can also use multiple grep command separated by pipe to simulate AND scenario.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>grep -E 'pattern1' filename | grep -E 'pattern2'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>The following example will grep all the lines that contain both “Manager” and “Sales” in the same line.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ grep Manager employee.txt | grep Sales
100 Thomas Manager Sales $5,000
500 Randy Manager Sales $6,000
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="grep-not">Grep NOT</h2>
<h3 id="1-grep-not-using-grep--v">1. Grep NOT using <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep -v</code>
</h3>
<p>Using <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">grep -v</code> you can simulate the NOT conditions. -v option is for invert match. i.e It matches all the lines except the given pattern.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>grep -v 'pattern1' filename
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>For example, display all the lines except those that contains the keyword “Sales”.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ grep -v Sales employee.txt
200 Jason Developer Technology $5,500
300 Raj Sysadmin Technology $7,000
400 Nisha Manager Marketing $9,500
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>You can also combine NOT with other operator to get some powerful combinations.<br>
For example, the following will display either Manager or Developer (bot ignore Sales).</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>$ egrep 'Manager|Developer' employee.txt | grep -v Sales
200 Jason Developer Technology $5,500
400 Nisha Manager Marketing $9,500
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="sed">sed</h2>
<p><a href="https://buzut.net/la-commande-sed-pour-les-nazes/">La commande sed pour les nazes</a></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed [OPTION]... {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]...
# Commandes :
sed -e --&gt; commande uniligne
sed -f fichier --&gt; passage de commande par un script
sed -i --&gt; modifie directement le fichier source au lieu de rediriger vers la sortie standard
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Un champ est défini par une expression rationnelle identifiée par les balises <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">\(</code> et <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">\)</code></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>^ correspond au début d'une ligne (juste avant le premier caractère)
$ correspond à la fin d'une ligne (juste après le dernier caractère)
. correspond à n'importe quel caractère unique
* correspond à aucune ou plusieurs occurrences du caractère qui précède
[ ] correspond à n'importe lequel des caractères cités entre les crochets
&amp; prend la valeur du contenu du fichier avant modif = contenu fichier traité
/./ Récupère toutes les lignes contenant au moins un caractère.
/../ Récupère toutes les lignes contenant au moins deux caractères.
/^#/ Récupère toutes les lignes commençant par un #.
/^$/ Récupère toutes les lignes vides.
/}^/ Récupère toutes les lignes finissant par un }.
/} *^/ Récupère toutes les lignes finissant par un } suivi ou non d'espaces.
/[abc]/ Récupère toutes les lignes contenant un des caractères a, b ou c.
/^[abc]/ Récupère toutes les lignes commençant soit par un a, soit un b, soit un c.
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Parcourir un fichier et afficher que certaines lignes :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -n '10,12p' passwd
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>new:x:8:12:news:/etc/news:
ucp:x:13:11:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operato:x:10:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>ici la ligne 10 à 12.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -n '1p'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>et la juste la première ligne.</p>
<p>Changer un mot par un autre dans vi avec sed :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>:%s/mot/mot1/g
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>dans le fichier ouvert tous les “mot” seront remplacés par “mot1”</p>
<p>Si on a besoin de remplacer une chaîne par une autre pour toute une liste de fichiers contenu dans un répertoire, on pourra utiliser ce petit script :</p>
<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c">#!/bin/bash</span>
<span class="k">for </span>file <span class="k">in</span> <span class="k">*</span>.sh
<span class="k">do
</span><span class="nb">echo</span> “Traitement de <span class="nv">$file</span> …”
<span class="nb">sed</span> <span class="nt">-e</span> “s/chaine1/chaine2/g” “<span class="nv">$file</span>” <span class="o">&gt;</span> “<span class="nv">$file</span>”.tmp <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nb">mv</span> <span class="nt">-f</span> “<span class="nv">$file</span>”.tmp “<span class="nv">$file</span>”
<span class="k">done</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ce script va afficher la liste de tous les fichiers dont l’extension est .sh et faire le remplacement.</p>
<p>Afficher que les lignes non commentées d’un fichier :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>cat fichier.conf | sed -e '/^#.*$/d'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Exemple ou l’on remplace le répertoire /root par /home :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -e "s/\/root/\/home/g" fichier &gt; fichier.tmp &amp;&amp; mv -f fichier.tmp fichier
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Comme vous pouvez le voir vous êtes obligé d’échapper les caractères spéciaux.</p>
<p>Remplacer une chaîne par une autre pour une liste de fichiers dans un répertoire, on pourra utiliser ce petit script shell :</p>
<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c">#!/bin/bash</span>
<span class="k">for </span>file <span class="k">in</span> <span class="k">*</span>.txt
<span class="k">do
</span><span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s1">'Traitement de $file ...'</span>
<span class="nb">sed</span> <span class="nt">-e</span> <span class="s1">'s/chaine1/chaine2/g'</span> <span class="s1">'$file'</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="s1">'$file'</span>.tmp <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nb">mv</span> <span class="nt">-f</span> <span class="s1">'$file'</span>.tmp <span class="s1">'$file'</span>
<span class="k">done</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Mettre tout le contenu d’un fichier en majuscule :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -i -e 's/.*/\U&amp;/'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Mettre tout le contenu d’un fichier en minuscule :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -i -e 's/.*/\L&amp;/'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ajouter un mot ou plus devant chaque ligne d’un fichier :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -e 's/.*/mot ou plus &amp;/' appli
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ajouter un mot ou plus après chaque ligne d’un fichier :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -e 's/.*/&amp; mot ou plus/' appli
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ajouter enable à la fin de la ligne comprenant le mot arg1 et arg2 :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -i -e 's/^\(arg1.*arg2\).*$/&amp;1 enable/g' Fichier.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Afficher la ligne 3 d’un fichier :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -n 3p fichier.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Commenter un ligne contenant le mot httpd :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -i -e 's/.*httpd.*/#$/g' fichier.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Insérer une nouvelle ligne sous/après une autre :<br>
le fichier contient :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>lol
ola
mh
pou
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>on insert le mot : client après le mot : ola</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -i '/ola/a \client' fichier
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Suppression d’une ligne commençant par le mot : football</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -i -e '/^football/d' fichier
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Autre chose à savoir parce que bien pratique :<br>
Quand vous modifiez des fichiers il est recommandé de créer un fichier de backup au cas ou :</p>
<p>utiliser l’option <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-i .bak</code></p>
<h2 id="grep---awk---sed">grep - awk - sed</h2>
<h3 id="1-numeroter---compter---additionner---cumuler">1-Numeroter - compter - additionner - cumuler</h3>
<p>Affiche le nombre de lignes (avec les lignes vides)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n -e '$=' in.txt
awk 'END{print NR}' in.txt
awk '{n++} END{print n}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Affiche le nombre de lignes (sans les lignes vides)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '/./ {print}' in.txt | wc -l
grep "." in.txt | wc -l
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Somme avec cumul de la colonne 1</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{print (total +=$1)}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Print le nombre de mots</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{x=x+NF}END{print x}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Compte nombre de lignes contenant le pattern ‘titi’</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '/titi/{x+=1}END{print x}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Print le numero de chaque ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{print NR,$0}' in.txt
c=0; while read line; do ((c+=1)); echo $c $line; done &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>compteur vertical</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> for i in `seq 1 15`;do echo "$i";done
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Compte le nombre de lignes vides d’un fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '/^$/ {x += 1};END {print x }' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Compter le nombre de mots d’un fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | wc -w
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>compter le nombre de lignes et de mots</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk 'BEGIN{nl=0;nw=0} {nl++;nw+=NF} END {print "lines:",nl, "words:",nw}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>compter un caractere (ici: i)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> var=`cat in.txt` ; var="${var//[^i]/}" ; echo ${#var}
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>affiche le numero de ligne du pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep -n "pattern" in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Compter le nombre d’occurrences de ‘pattern’</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep -c "pattern" in.txt
awk '/pattern/ {n++} END {print n}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Numeroter toutes les lignes contenant ‘pattern’ (affiche 1 numero par ligne)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '/pattern/=' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Numeroter toutes les lignes entre 2 patterns (affiche 1 numero par ligne)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '/pattern1/,/pattern2/{=;d;}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Numeroter les lignes sans les lignes blanches</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> nl in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Numeroter les lignes avec les lignes blanches</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat -n in.txt
sed = in.txt | sed 'N; s/\n/\t/'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Numeroter les lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{print NR,$0}' in.txt
while read line; do N=$((N+1)); echo "Line $N = $line"; done &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ecrire le nom du fichier devant chaque ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep -H "pattern" in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Somme et cumul d’une colonne ($2) , en utilisant 1 colonne clef ($1)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{arr[$1]+=$2} END {for(i in arr) {print i, arr[i]}}' in.txt | sort
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="2-operations-sur-les-champs--nf">2-Operations sur les champs : NF</h3>
<p>Compter le nombre de champs de chaque ligne (separateur = “,”)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{cnt=0 ; for(i=1; i&lt;=NF; i++) {if($i != "") {cnt++}} {print NR " : "cnt" fields"}}' FS="," in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les 5 premiers caractères de toutes les lignes d’un fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> while read line;do echo ${line::5};done &lt; in.txt
while read line ; do echo $line | cut -c1-5 ; done &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Deleter les 5 premiers caracteres de toutes les lignes d’un fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> colrm 1 5 &lt; in.txt
awk 'sub("^.....", "")' in.txt
while read line ; do echo $line | cut -c6- ; done &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les 5 derniers caracteres de toutes les lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed 's/^.*\(.....\)$/\1/' in.txt
sed 's/\(.*\)\(.\{5\}\)/\2/' in.txt
while read line;do echo ${line: -5};done &lt; in.txt
awk '{print substr($0, length($0) - 4, length($0) ) }' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Deleter les 5 derniers caracteres de toutes les lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk 'sub(".....$", "")' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer un champ</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> echo "data1 line1" | sed 's/.* //'
echo "data1 line1" | sed -n 's/.* //;p'
resultat: line1
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer le dernier champ</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{$NF=""; print $0}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Champ tampon ‘elapse’ pour operations intermediaires</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{elapse = $1/3600; if(elapse&lt;8) print int($1/3600)}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Dans champ 1, a la position 2, printer 3 caracteres</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{print substr($1,2,3)}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Print l’avant dernier champ ($NF-1) de chaque ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{print $(NF-1)}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Print le nombre de champs uniquement</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{print NF}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Print le nombre maximum de champs</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{print NF}' in.txt | sort -n | sed -n '$p'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Print le nombre minimum de champs</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{print NF}' in.txt | sort -n | sed -n '1p'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer 2 colonnes en precisant le separateur</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk -F'[ ]' '{print $2,$3}' in.txt
cut -d ' ' -f2,3 in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer du 5eme caractere au dernier (inclus) sur toutes les lignes d’un fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | cut -c '5-'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer du 1er au 5eme caractere (inclus) sur toutes les lignes d’un fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | cut -c '-5'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer du 3eme au 5eme caractere (inclus) et du 7eme au 9eme (inclus) sur toutes les lignes d’un fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | cut -c '3-5,7-9'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les lignes dont le nombre de champs est inferieur a 3</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk 'NF&lt;3' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les lignes n’ayant qu’un seul champ</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{if(NF == 1) {print}}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>tri de la 1ère colonne au 22eme caractere</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sort -k1.22
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Print si longueur de ‘colonne 1’ &gt;3 “ET” ou “OU” longueur de ‘colonne 2’ &lt;5</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk 'length($1)&gt;3 &amp;&amp; length($2)&lt;5 {print}' in.txt ........... #ET
awk 'length($1)&gt;3 || length($2)&lt;5 {print}' in.txt ........... #OU
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Condition de print sur la longueur de colonne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{if(length($1)&lt;2 &amp;&amp; $1~/2/) {print $2} else {print $1}}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="3-operations-sur-les-lignes--occurrences---digits---suppression---doubles---printer">3-operations sur les lignes : occurrences - digits - suppression - doubles - printer</h3>
<p>Capturer la premiere occurrence d’une serie de lignes ayant meme pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | sort -k1 | awk 'x !~ $1 ; {x = $1}'
cat in.txt | sort -k1 | awk '!d[$1] {print} {d[$1]=1}'
cat in.txt | sort -k1 | awk 'x[$1]++ {next} {print}'
cat in.txt | sort -k1 | awk '!_[$1]++ {print $0 ; next} {next}'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Compter et marquer a la fin de la ligne les occurrences d’un unique pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '/pattern/ {i=i+1} {print $0,i}' in.txt | awk '!a[NF]++ {print $0 ; next} {sub($NF,"") ; print}'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Compter les occurrences d’un pattern (total cumule)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '/pattern/ {n++} END {print "pattern ecrit" n "fois"}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Compter les occurrences d’un pattern (pour chaque ligne)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk -F "pattern" '{print NF-1}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplace sur chaque ligne la 1ère occurrence de ‘t’ par ‘b’</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '1,$ s/t/b/1' in.txt
while read line; do echo ${line/t/b}; done &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplacer la 2ème occurrence d’un pattern de la premiere ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '0,/old/ s//new/2' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplacer la 2ème occurrence d’un pattern pour chaque ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed 's/old/new/2' in.txt
sed '/old/ s//new/2' in.txt
awk '{print gensub(/old/, "new", 2)}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Print la 1ère occurrence d’un “pattern”</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep -m1 "pattern" in.txt
sed -n '/pattern/{p;q;}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les lignes dont les elements de la colonne 2 ont plus d’une occurrence</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk 'FNR==NR &amp;&amp; a[$2]++ {b[$2] ; next} $2 in b' in.txt in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les 4 premiers digits de chaque ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | cut -c1-4
for line in $(cat in.txt); do echo `expr "$line" : '\(....\)'`; done
while read line; do echo `expr "$line" : '\(....\)'`; done &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les 4 derniers digits de chaque ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{print substr($0, length($0)-3, length($0))}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Deleter les 3 derniers digits de chaque ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '1,$ s/...$//p' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer du 5ème digit au dernier de la ligne pour toutes les lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> while read line; do echo "substr($line,4)" | m4; done &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer 6 digits à partir du 2ème digit</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> while read line; do echo `expr substr "$line" 2 6`; done &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprime de la ligne 4 a 7 (inclus) du fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '4,7d' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprime les lignes contenant ‘toto’</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/toto/d' in.txt
grep -v "toto" in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprime ‘toto’ de la ligne 2 a 6</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '2,6 s/toto//g' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprime les lignes debutant par un chiffre (1 a 9)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '$1 ~ /^[1-9]/ {next} {print}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprime la ligne debutant par ‘@’ et les 2 suivantes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/^@/ {N;N;d;}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer la 1ere ligne , la derniere ligne …</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '1d' in.txt ........... #supprime la premiere ligne
sed '3d' in.txt ........... #supprime la ligne 3
sed '$d' in.txt ........... #supprime la derniere ligne
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer les lignes 1, 4, 7, 10…..</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '1~3d' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer 1 ligne toutes les 3 lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '0~3d' in.txt
sed 'n;n;d;' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Deleter les 2 dernieres lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed 'N;$!P;$!D;$d' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Deleter les 10 dernieres lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e :a -e '$d;N;2,10ba' -e 'P;D'
sed -n -e :a -e '1,10!{P;N;D;};N;ba'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les lignes uniques sans les doubles</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sort -u in.txt
sort in.txt | uniq
awk '!x[$0]++' in.txt
awk '{ a[$1]++ } END {for (i in a) print i}' in.txt | sort
sed '$!N; /^\(.*\)\n\1$/!P; D' in.txt .........consecutive lines
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les lignes doubles , deleter le reste</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk 'x[$0]++' in.txt
cat in.txt | uniq -d
sed '$!N; s/^\(.*\)\n\1$/\1/; t; D' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les lignes doubles (ou triples …)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk 'FNR==NR &amp;&amp; a[$0]++ {b[$0] ; next} $0 in b' in.txt in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer uniquement la ligne 10</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '10q;d' in.txt
sed '10!d' in.txt
sed -n '10p' in.txt
awk '{f[NR]=$0} END {print f[10]}' in.txt
awk 'NR == 10 {print}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer de la ligne 1 a 10</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed 10q in.txt
awk 'NR &lt;=10{print}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer de la ligne 3 a 5</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '3,5!d' in.txt
sed -n '3,5p' in.txt
awk 'NR &gt;= 3 &amp;&amp; NR &lt;= 5' in.txt
head -5 in.txt | tail -3
sed -n '3{:a;N;5!ba;p}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer la ligne 5 et 10 d’une serie de fichiers</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> for i in fichiers*;do awk 'NR == 5;NR == 10 {print $0}' $i;done
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer de la ligne 5 a 10 en numerotant</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk 'NR == 5,NR == 10 {print NR" " $0}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer la 1ere ligne à la place de la 3eme ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n -e '1h; 1!p; 3{g;p}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer la 1ere ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed q in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer la dernière ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '$p' in.txt
sed '$!d' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les 2 dernieres lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '$!N;$!D' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les 10 dernieres lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e :a -e '$q;N;11,$D;ba' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer la 1ere et derniere ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> head -1 in.txt ; tail -1 in.txt
sed -n '1p ; $p' in.txt
awk 'NR==1 ; END {print}' in.txt
sed q in.txt;sed '$!d' in.txt
sed q in.txt;sed '$\!d' in.txt ..........#selon version de Linux
IFS=$'\n';array=($(cat in.txt)); echo ${array[0]};sed '$!d' in.txt ........#en sous shell
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les lignes ayant moins de 6 caracteres</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/^.\{6,\}/d' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les lignes de 6 caracteres ou plus</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '/^.\{6\}/p' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Indexage du premier ‘t’ lu pour chaque ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> while read line; do echo `expr index "$line" t`; done &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Longueur de chaque ligne (en nombre de digits) - voir si la version de Linux supporte : ‘ m4 ‘</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> while read line; do echo "len($line)" | m4; done &lt; in.txt
while read line; do echo `expr length "$line"`; done &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Formater sur une meme ligne : une ligne paire a droite d’une ligne impaire</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | sed "N;s/\(.*\)\n\(.*\)/\1 \2/"
cat in.txt | sed "N;s/\n/ /"
cat in.txt | sed '$ !N; s/\n/ /'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Formater sur une meme ligne : une ligne impaire a droite d’une ligne paire</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | sed "N;s/\(.*\)\n\(.*\)/\2 \1/"
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Affiche 1 ligne sur 2 (lignes 1, 3, 5…)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed 'n;d' in.txt
sed -n 'p;n' in.txt
sed -n '1,${p;n;}' in.txt
sed '2~2d' in.txt
awk 'FNR % 2' in.txt
awk 'NR%2 {print}' in.txt
awk 'NR%2 == 1' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Affiche 1 ligne sur 2 (lignes 2, 4, 6…)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n 'n;p' in.txt
sed -n '1,${n;p;}' in.txt
sed '1~2d' in.txt
awk '!(FNR % 2)' in.txt
awk '(NR+1)%2 {print}' in.txt
awk 'NR%2 == 0' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Affiche 1 ligne sur 5 a partir de la ligne 3</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '3,${p;n;n;n;n;}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Recherche de la ligne la plus longue</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{ if ( length &gt; L ) { L=length ; s=$0 } } END { print L,"\""s"\""}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="4-pattern">4-pattern</h3>
<p>Capture d’un pattern dans 1 fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep 'pattern' in.txt
grep -w 'pattern' in.txt
awk '/pattern/' in.txt
awk '$0 ~ /\ypattern\y/ {print}' in.txt
sed -n '/pattern/p' in.txt
sed '/pattern/ !d' in.txt
grep '\&lt;pattern\&gt;' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les lignes ne contenant que des chiffres</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '/^[[:digit:]]*$/p' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les lignes ne contenant que des lettres</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '/^[[:alpha:]]*$/p' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Capture d’un pattern dans plusieurs fichiers</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep "pattern" in*.txt
for i in in*.txt;do seq=`ls $i`;awk '/pattern/ {print seq,$0}' seq=${seq} $i;done
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer un paragraphe separe par des lignes blanches , contenant un pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/pattern/!d;' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer un paragraphe separe par des lignes blanches , contenant pattern1 ‘et’ pattern2</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/pattern1/!d;/pattern2/!d' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer un paragraphe separe par des lignes blanches , contenant pattern1 ‘ou’ pattern2</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/./{H;$!d;}' -e 'x;/pattern1/b' -e '/pattern2/b' -e d in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Capturer dans la colonne 1 le pattern ‘2’ et printer la colonne 3</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '$1 ~ /2/ {print $3}' in.txt
awk '$1 == "2" {print $3}' in.txt
awk '{if($1 ~ /t/){gsub(/t/, "z",$1);print $0}}' in.txt
awk '$1 !~ /2/ {print $3}' in.txt ........... #syntaxe inverse
awk '$1 \!~ /2/ {print $3}' in.txt ...........#syntaxe inverse (selon version Linux)
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer les lignes contenant des patterns</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '$1 !~ /pattern1/ &amp;&amp; $2 !~ /pattern2/ ' in.txt
awk '$1 ~ /pattern1/ || $2 ~ /pattern2/ {next} {print}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Capturer le caractère # à la 4ème position</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> egrep '^.{3}#' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Capturer les lignes commencant par 1 espace ou plus, sans celles commencant par 2 espaces</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep "[ ]\{1\}" in.txt | awk '$0 !~ /^ / {print}'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Capturer les lignes ayant 4 chiffres ou plus</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep "[0-9]\{4\}" in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Lire plusieurs patterns - (possibilite de lignes doubles)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '/pattern1/ {print $0} /pattern2/ {print $0}' in.txt
awk 'FNR==NR &amp;&amp; a[$0]=/^t/ || a[$0]=/^d/ {b[$0] ; next} $0 in b' in.txt in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>utiliser ‘egrep’ si le pattern a plusieurs lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> egrep -a "MIN WORD 2|MIN WORD32" in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>ajouter antislash <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">\</code> pour le caractère special: <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">|</code></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> egrep "3 \|DISK|4 \| DISK" in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>pattern1 OR pattern2</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/[pattern1pattern2]/!d' in.txt
sed -e '/pattern1/b' -e '/pattern2/b' -e d in.txt
awk '/pattern1|pattern2/' in.txt
grep -E "pattern1|pattern2" in.txt
grep -e pattern1 -e pattern2 in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>pattern1 AND pattern2</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/a/!d; /b/!d' in.txt
sed '/pattern1.*pattern2/!d in.txt
awk '/pattern1.*pattern2/' in.txt
awk '/pattern1/ &amp;&amp; /pattern2/' in.txt
grep -E 'pattern1.*pattern2' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>NOT pattern1</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep -v 'pattern1' in .txt
awk '!/pattern1/' in.txt
sed -n '/pattern1/!p' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les 2 premieres occurrences du pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep -m2 "tata" in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Substitution uniquement pour la 1ere occurrence</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '0,/tata/ s//zaza/' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplace ‘old’ par ‘new’ uniquement sur les lignes commencant par %%</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/^%%/ s/old/new/g' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplace sur chaque ligne du début de la ligne au signe ‘=’ par ‘new’</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '1,$ s/^.*=/new/' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer la ligne contenant ‘toto’ entre ‘titi’ et ‘tutu’</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/titi/,/tutu/ {/toto/d}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Capture entre ‘toto’ et ‘tata’ (attention si plusieurs occurrences du pattern)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '/toto/,/tata/p' in.txt
sed -e '/toto/,/tata/ !{/./d}' in.txt
sed -e '/toto/,/tata/ \!{/./d}' in.txt
perl -e "while(&lt;&gt;) {print if/toto/.../tata/}" in.txt
awk "/toto/,/tata/" in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer entre ‘pattern1’ et ‘pattern2’ (les patterns inclus)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/pattern1/,/pattern2/d' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer d’un debut de fichier a un pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '1,/pattern/d' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer d’un pattern a la fin d’un fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/pattern/,$d' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Substitution entre 2 patterns</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/titi/,/tata/ s/toto/zz/g' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Definir un pattern sur lequel la substitution ne se fera pas</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/toto/!s/t/z/g' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer entre ‘titi’ et ‘tutu’</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '/titi/{:a;N;/tutu/!ba;p;}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Capture de ‘titi’ a ‘tutu’ de la ligne 3 a 10</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '3,10{/titi/,/tutu/p}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer une ligne contenant un pattern + les 2 lignes suivantes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/pattern/,+2d' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer de la ligne 3 a la ligne contenant ‘pattern’</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '3,/pattern/d' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer d’une ligne contenant 1 pattern jusqu’a la fin</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '/pattern/,$p' in.txt
sed -n '/pattern/,EOF' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Si le pattern est une variable</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '/'$var'/p' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ne pas selectionner les lignes contenant un pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep -v "pattern" in.txt
awk '!/pattern/' in.txt
sed '/pattern/d' in.txt
sed -n '/pattern/!p' in.txt
awk '$0 ~ /pattern/ {next} {print}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>A un pattern inserer une ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/pattern/ i\ligne ecrite avant le pattern' in.txt ............ (option 'i' : avant le pattern)
sed -e '/pattern/ a\ligne ecrite apres le pattern' in.txt ............ (option 'a' : apres le pattern)
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>A un pattern inserer une ligne blanche</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/pattern/ i\ ' in.txt ............ (option 'i' : avant le pattern)
sed -e '/pattern/ a\ ' in.txt ............ (option 'a' : apres le pattern)
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>print 2 lignes après un pattern ( dans la colonne 1 )</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '/^pattern/ {c=2; next} c--&gt;0' in.txt
awk 'BEGIN {counter=0}; $1=="pattern" {counter=2; next}; counter&gt;0 {counter--; print}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>print le pattern + 2 lignes après (After)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep -A2 "pattern" in.txt
sed -n '/pattern/ {N;N;p;}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>delete le pattern + 2 lignes après</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/pattern/ {N;N;d;}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>print le pattern + 2 lignes avant (Before)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep -B2 "pattern" in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>selectionner tous les caracteres (sans afficher les lignes blanches)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep "." in.txt
awk "/./" in.txt
sed -n '/./ {p;d}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>combiner motif et ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '8,/fin/ s/toto/titi/g' in.txt
sed '/debut/,$ s/toto/titi/g' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>substituer tout un texte entre 2 motifs excluant les motifs</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/titi/,/tutu/{/titi/b;/tutu/b;s/.*/SED/;}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>ne pas printer les lignes contenant ‘tata’</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/tata/d' in.txt
sed -n '/tata/!p' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les lignes precedant un pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '/tata/{g;1!p;};h' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les lignes suivant un pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '/tata/{n;p;}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remembering a pattern (‘_’ is delimiter)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> echo "a line1" | sed 's_\([a-z]\)\([ ]\)\([a-z]*\)\([0-9]\)_\1\2\3 \4_'
(result: a line 1)
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="5-remplacer-des-lignes-des-chiffres-ou-des-lettres">5-Remplacer des lignes des chiffres ou des lettres</h3>
<p>Exemple d’une suite d’actions entre 2 patterns</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '4,10 {/pattern1/,/pattern2/ {s/^0./y&amp;/;/^$/d;s/m/w/g;p}}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer tous les chiffres en gardant un tiret ‘-‘ a la place</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> tr -d 0-9 &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>supprimer toutes les lettres en gardant un tiret ‘-‘ a la place</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> tr -d [a-zA-Z] &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Conserver les lignes contenant des chiffres</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/[0-9]/!d' in.txt
sed -e '/[0-9]/\!d' in.txt ........... (selon version Unix)
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Changer un texte majuscule en minuscule</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{print tolower($0)}' in.txt
cat in.txt | tr -s A-Z a-z
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Changer un texte minuscule en majuscule</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | tr -s a-z A-Z
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer les lettres minuscules en fin de ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{ sub("[a-z]*$", ""); print }' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>print le pattern sans distinguer majuscules ou minuscules</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep -i "pattern" in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Mettre en majuscule la 1ère lettre d’une phrase</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> echo -e "texte ligne1\ntexte ligne2" | sed 's/^./\u&amp;/'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplacer les lettres par une operande (ici: +)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | tr '[:alpha:]' +
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplacer les chiffres par une operande (ici: +)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | tr '[:digit:]' +
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplacer 1 caractere par un autre</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> tr "t" "z" &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Suppression des sauts de lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> tr '\n' ' ' &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer la répétition de caractères</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> echo "boonnjoouuur" | tr -s "onu"
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplace le bloc (‘t’ suivi de 2 caracteres) par zorro en ligne 4</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '4s/t../zorro/g' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer 1 caractere (1 point=1 caractere)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> ( ici l'insertion de 'Q' se fera apres les 2 premiers caractères )
echo 'abcdef' | sed 's/^../&amp;Q/' ........... #resultat : abQcdef
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplacer en debut de chaine un nombre de points par une lettre</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> echo 'abcdef' | sed 's/^../Q/' ........... #resultat : Qcdef
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Uniquement le 2eme caractere ‘t’ est remplace par ‘z’ en ligne 4</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '4s/t/z/2' in.txt
awk 'NR==4 {print gensub(/t/,"z",2)}; NR!=4 {print}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplace ‘t’ par ‘k’ , et ‘o’ par ‘l’</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed 'y/to/kl/' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Effectue le remplacement des lignes 4 a 10 et n’ecrit dans ‘out.txt’ que celles modifiees</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '4,10 s/t/&amp;zorro/gw out.txt' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplacer un pattern (‘titi’ remplace par: ‘titi et tata’)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/titi/ s//&amp; et tata/g' in.txt
sed 's/titi/titi et tata/g' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>tr : remplacement dans un sous shell (taper: sh)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> a=abcdef; echo $a | tr f g ........... #resultat : abcdeg
a=abcdef; echo ${a//f/g} ........... #resultat : abcdeg
a=abcdef; echo $a | tr [ac] [xz] ........... #resultat : xbzdef
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>tr + option -d: effacement (utiliser un sous shell) (taper: sh)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> a=abcdef; echo $a | tr -d f ........... #resultat : abcde
a=abcdef; echo ${a//f/} ........... #resultat : abcde
a=abcdef; echo $a | tr -d [a-c] ........... #resultat : def
a=abcdef; echo ${a//[a-c]/} ........... #resultat : def
a=abcdef; echo $a | tr -d [ac] ........... #resultat : bdef
a=abcdef; echo ${a//[ac]/} ........... #resultat : bdef
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>tr + option -c: inverse l’ensemble des caractères a detecter</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> echo "acfdeb123" | tr -c b-d + ....... resultat: +c+d+b++++
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplacer toutes les occurrences d’un caractère ou d’un pattern pour chaque ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> var="newpattern" ; awk '{gsub( /oldpattern/, "'"$var"'" )};1' in.txt
var="newpattern" ; awk -v v="$var" '{gsub( /oldpattern/, v )}1' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplacer la 2eme occurrence d’un caractère ou d’un pattern pour chaque ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{print gensub(/old/, "new", 2) }' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplacer ‘o’ par ‘zorro’ sauf pour le pattern ‘toto’ ,</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/toto/!s/o/zorro/' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer les 3 derniers caractères de la dernière ligne uniquement</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> expr "$(cat in.txt)" : "\(.*\)...$"
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer les 3 derniers caractères de chaque ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk 'sub( "...$", "" )' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les 5 premiers caractères de la premiere ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> echo `cat in.txt`| cut -c1-5
echo `expr "$(cat in.txt)" : '\(.....\)'`
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les 5 premiers caractères de toutes les lignes d’un fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | cut -c1-5
while read line;do echo ${line::5};done &lt; in.txt
while read line ; do echo $line | cut -c1-5 ; done &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les 5 derniers caracteres de toutes les lignes d’un fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> while read line;do echo ${line: -5};done &lt; in.txt
sed 's/^.*\(.....\)$/\1/' in.txt
sed 's/\(.*\)\(.\{5\}\)/\2/' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Substituer toto ou titi par tata</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed 's/toto\|titi/tata/g' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="6-supprimer-des-lignes-blanches-espaces-tabulations-contenu-entre-2-balises-balises-incluses">6-Supprimer des lignes blanches ,espaces ,tabulations, contenu entre 2 balises (balises incluses)</h3>
<p>Supprimer contenu entre 2 balises (balises incluses)<br>
Exemple ,supprimer le contenu entre <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">&lt;ele&gt;</code> et <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">&lt;/time&gt;</code> d’un fichier nommé test.gpx</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>&lt;trkpt lat="47.0134660788" lon="-1.1192788649"&gt;&lt;ele&gt;50.61&lt;/ele&gt;&lt;time&gt;2020-07-07T04:24:19Z&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/trkpt&gt;
&lt;trkpt lat="47.0134599600" lon="-1.1192838103"&gt;&lt;ele&gt;50.13&lt;/ele&gt;&lt;time&gt;2020-07-07T04:24:42Z&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/trkpt&gt;
&lt;trkpt lat="47.0134515781" lon="-1.1192932818"&gt;&lt;ele&gt;49.65&lt;/ele&gt;&lt;time&gt;2020-07-07T04:25:01Z&lt;/time&gt;&lt;/trkpt&gt;
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>La commande</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed "s/&lt;ele&gt;.*&lt;\/time&gt;//" test.gpx # sed -i pour récréer le fichier
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>&lt;trkpt lat="47.0134660788" lon="-1.1192788649"&gt;&lt;/trkpt&gt;
&lt;trkpt lat="47.0134599600" lon="-1.1192838103"&gt;&lt;/trkpt&gt;
&lt;trkpt lat="47.0134515781" lon="-1.1192932818"&gt;&lt;/trkpt&gt;
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer les lignes blanches (l’option ‘-i’ reecrit directement dans le fichier)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/./!d' in.txt
sed -i '/^$/d' in.txt ........... (l'option '-i' est a manier avec precaution)
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer les lignes blanches repetees sauf la 1ere</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat -s in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer uniquement les lignes blanches du debut du fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/./,$!d' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer tout ce qui suit la 1ere ligne blanche</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/^$/q' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer tout ce qui precede la 1ere ligne blanche</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '1,/^$/d' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer les lignes blanches entre ‘tata’ et ‘route’</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/tata/,/route/ {/^$/d}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplacer 2 blancs (ou +) par 1 seul blanc</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed 's/\ \ */\ /g' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Suppression des espaces et tabulations en debut et fin de ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed 's/^[ \t]*//;s/[ \t]*$//' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Suppression des lignes vides</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> grep -v '^$' in.txt
grep '.' in.txt
sed -n '/^$/!p' in.txt
awk NF in.txt
awk '/./' in.txt
sed '/^$/d' in.txt
sed '/./!d' in.txt
awk '/^$/ {next} {print}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>tr + option squeeze-repeats: efface tout sauf la première</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> occurence d'une chaîne de caractères
(utile pour supprimer plusieurs espaces blancs)
echo "XXXXX" | tr --squeeze-repeats 'X' ....... resultat: X
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprime tous les espaces au début de toutes les lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed 's/^ *//g' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprime tous les espaces à la fin de toutes les lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed 's/ *$//g' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Supprimer seulement la première ligne de chaque ensemble de lignes vides consecutives</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/[0-9A-Za-z]/,/^$/{/^$/d}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>to join lines ( en deletant les lignes blanches )</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/./!d' -e '$!N;s/\n/ /' in.txt
sed -e '/./\!d' -e '$\!N;s/\n/ /' in.txt
grep "." in.txt | sed '$\!N;s/\n/ /'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>to join lines ( en gardant les lignes blanches )</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/./!b' -e '$!N;s/\n/ /' in.txt
sed -e '/./\!b' -e '$\!N;s/\n/ /' in.txt
grep "." in.txt | sed '$\!N;s/\n/ /' | sed G
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="7-inserer">7-Inserer</h3>
<p>Inserer une ligne blanche apres chaque ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed G in.txt
sed 'a\ ' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer une ligne de tirets toutes les 2 lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed 'n;a\----------' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer une ligne blanche toutes les 3 lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed 'n;n;G;' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer une ligne blanche apres chaque ligne sauf apres la ligne 3</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '3!G' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer une ligne au debut, à la 3eme ligne et à la fin du fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '1i \debut\ du\ traitement' in.txt
sed -e '3i \ajout\ a\ la\ 3eme\ ligne' in.txt
awk 'NR == 3 {print "line3"}1' in.txt
sed -e '$a \fin\ du\ traitement' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer une ligne à un pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/pattern/ i\ligne ecrite avant le pattern' in.txt ............ (option 'i' : avant le pattern)
sed -e '/pattern/ a\ligne ecrite apres le pattern' in.txt ............ (option 'a' : apres le pattern)
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer une ligne blanche à un pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/pattern/ i\ ' in.txt ............ (option 'i' : avant le pattern)
sed -e '/pattern/ a\ ' in.txt ............ (option 'a' : apres le pattern)
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Changer la ligne si elle contient un pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/pattern/ c\new line' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer <strong>DELETED</strong> et supprimer les lignes entre 2 patterns</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/pattern1/,/pattern2/ c\**DELETED**' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer la ligne ‘line before’ avant chaque ligne du fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e 'i\line before' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer du texte avant une ligne matchée par un pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '/pattern/ i\line before pattern' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer une ligne blanche avant une ligne matchée par un pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/tata/{x;p;x}' in.txt
sed -e '/pattern/ i\ ' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer une ligne blanche après une ligne matchée par un pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/tata/G' in.txt
sed -e '/pattern/ a\ ' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer une ligne blanche avant et apres une ligne matchee par un pattern</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/tata/{x;p;x;G}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer un fichier ‘temp.txt’</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '1r temp.txt' &lt; in.txt ..........après la 1ère ligne de 'in.txt'
sed '/pattern/ r temp.txt' &lt; in.txt .........apres le pattern
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer un ‘blanc’ devant toutes les lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e 's/^./ &amp;/g' in.txt
sed '{s_^_ _}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer un ‘blanc’ à toutes les fins de lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e 's/.$/&amp; /g' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer un ‘blanc’ apres tous les ‘t’ (a droite) en ligne 4</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e '4s/t/&amp; /g' in.txt
sed -e '4\!s/t/&amp; /g' in.txt ........... #syntaxe inverse
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer au 5ème caractère après 3 caractères le signe # sur la ligne 2</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -r "2 ~ s/^(.{4})(.{3})/\2#/" in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="8-remplacer-un-mot-par-un-autre-dans-un-ou-plusieurs-fichiers">8-Remplacer un MOT par un AUTRE dans un ou plusieurs fichiers</h3>
<p>REMPLACER UN MOT PAR UN AUTRE :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -i 's/motachercher/nouveaumot/g' fichier.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>REMPLACER UN MOT PAR UN AUTRE DE MANIERE RECURSIVE :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>find /home/mumbly/MONREP/sousrep -type f -exec sed -i 's/windows/linux/g' {} +
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>RECHERCHER UN MOT DANS TOUS LES REPERTOIRES ET SOUS-REPERTOIRES (insensible à la casse : majuscule/minuscule) :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>grep -i -l -r 'linux' /home/mumbly/MONREP/sousrep/
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Comment chercher et remplacer dans plusieurs fichiers avec sed</p>
<p>Pour remplacer “echo htmlentities” par “highlight_string” dans tous les fichiers php du répertoire courant tapez ceci :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -i 's/echo htmlentities/highlight_string/g' *.php
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Alternative pour un chercher remplacer récursif :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>find . -name "*.php" -exec sed -i 's/echo htmlentities/highlight_string/g' {} \;
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="9-divers">9-divers</h3>
<p>Retirer les accents d’un texte</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat non-ascii.txt | iconv -f utf8 -t ascii//TRANSLIT//IGNORE &gt; ascii.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les lignes d’un fichier2 qui ne sont pas dans le fichier1</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> comm -23 file2.txt file1.txt 2&gt;dev
grep -vxFf file1.txt file2.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer un fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt
sed '' in.txt
sed ':' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Dupliquer toutes les lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed 'p' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>printer 3 fois chaque ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '{h;p;p}' in.txt
while read line;do for i in `seq 1 3`;do echo $line;done;done &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inverser l’ordre d’un fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> tac in.txt
sed -n '1!G;h;$p' in.txt
awk '{ a[i++]=$0 } END { for (j=i-1; j&gt;=0; ) print a[j--] }' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ecrire 1 mot par ligne (pour 5 mots: -n5)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | xargs -n1
awk '{i=1; while (i&lt;=NF){print $i, " ";i++}}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ecrire un caractère par ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> while read line; do echo -n "$line" | dd cbs=1 conv=unblock 2&gt;/dev/null; done &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ecrire un fichier sur une ligne</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '{:a;$!N;s_\n_ _;ta}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Joindre les lignes paires a la suite des lignes impaires</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '$!N; s/\n/ /g' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Transforme les lignes en colonnes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> awk '{printf "ligne%d: %s ",NR,$0&gt;"z-cible"}' z-source
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ajouter en prefixe le nombre d’occurences des mots et trier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | xargs -n1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Print les 10 premiers (ou derniers) caracteres d’un fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> head -10c in.txt ........... #les 10 premiers
tail -10c in.txt ........... #les 10 derniers
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Decoupe en n caracteres le fichier ‘in.txt’ (ici n=10)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> creation de fichiers: prefixe_outaa (outab..outac...)
split -b 10 in.txt prefixe_out
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Decoupe en n lignes le fichier ‘in.txt’ (ici n=5)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> creation de fichiers: prefixe_outaa (outab..outac...)
split -l 5 in.txt prefix_out
awk '{print &gt;("prefix_out" int((NR+4)/5))}' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Trier un fichier dans un ordre numerique (-n); avec separateur (-t); colonne (-k); et place du caractere (.)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cat in.txt | sort -n -t" " -k2.4
dans un ordre decroissant (-r) et en retirant les doubles (-u) :
cat in.txt | sort -r -u
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Copier un fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> cp old_file new_file
sed 'w new_file' old_file
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Definir un marqueur en fin de ligne (ici ,) qui joindra la ligne suivante</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed '/\,$/ {N; s_\,\n_ _}' in.txt
sed -e :a -e '/\,$/N; s_\,\n_ _; ta' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Si 1 ligne se termine par ‘,’ joindre la suivante a elle</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e :a -e '/,$/N ; s#\n## ; ta' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Si 1 ligne commence par un signe egale ‘=’ , l’ajouter a la ligne precedente et remplacer le signe egale ‘=’ par un espace</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -e :a -e '$!N;s/\n=/ /;ta' -e 'P;D' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>“Dispach” (inverse du “regroupe”)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> split en couples: ['colonne 1'-'parties[k]']
en 'k' fois nombre de lignes
awk '{key=$1;$1="";n=split($0, parties, "[,]");for(k=1; k&lt;=n; k++) print ""key" "1" "parties[k] ""}' in.txt| awk '{if($2&gt;0) print $0}' | awk '{if($1 != key){key = $1} else {$2 += cum} cum=$2; print}' &gt; out.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>“Regroupe” (inverse du “dispach”)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> (tous les elements semblables de la colonne 1
sont regroupes sur 1 seule ligne)
awk '{key=$1; $1=$2="";f[key]=f[key] s[key] $0;s[key]=","} END {for(key in f){gsub(/[[:space:]]/,"",f[key]);printf "%s %s\n",key,f[key]}}' in.txt| sort &gt; out.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Encadre le premier nombre de la ligne avec des ** , ne printer que ces lignes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n "s/\([0-9][0-9]*\)/**\1**/p" in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Printer les lignes avec 3 digits consecutifs</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> sed -n '/[0-9]\{3\}/p' in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Inserer un espace entre chaque lettre</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> echo -e "bonjour"|sed 's/./&amp; /g' ................resultat: b o n j o u r
echo -e "bonjour"|sed -r 's/([^ ])/\1 /g'
echo -e "bonjour"|sed 's/\([^ ]\)/\1 /g'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>dirname …………(en sous shell)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> var="/home/Bureau/1/in.txt" ....... (en sous shell)
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>dirname $var ……….. —-&gt; /home/Bureau/1</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> echo ${var%/*} ........... ----&gt; /home/Bureau/1
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>basename ……. (en sous shell)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> basename $var ........... ----&gt; in.txt
echo ${var##*/} ........... ----&gt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>while dans un sous shell (taper: sh)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> while read line; do echo -en "$line\n"; done &lt; in.txt
while read line; do echo -e $line; done &lt; in.txt
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>‘set’ decoupe 1 variable en parametres positionnels dans un sous shell (taper: sh)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> string="a b:c def:g"; IFS=':'; set $string; echo "$1"
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>read …$REPLY : equivalent de : head -1</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> read -r
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Contenu des dossiers sans les sous dossiers</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> for fichier in *;do ls -al ;done
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Contenu des dossiers avec les sous dossiers</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> for fichier in *;do ls -al "$fichier";done
</code></pre></div></div>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>nombre de fichiers dans le repertoire courant (equivaut a: ls</td>
<td>wc -l)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> a=0;for i in *;do a=$(($a+1));done;echo nb=$a
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>apostrophe et guillemet</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> echo -n "your name is: "; read name ........... #taper: toto
echo 'hi $name' ........... #resultat : hi name
echo "hi $name" ........... #resultat : hi toto
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>par defaut, le separateur est ‘blanc’ [Utiliser les parentheses () pour le sous shell]</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> echo "moi et moi, lui, les autres" | (read x y ;echo $y) ........... (-&gt;lui les autres)
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>nouveau separateur</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> IFS=",";echo "moi et moi, lui, les autres" | (read x y;echo $x) ........... (-&gt;moi et moi)
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>liste des variables d’environnement</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> export
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>detruire la valeur d’une variable</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> (utiliser un sous shell en tapant: sh + return)
var=7 echo $var ........... -&gt; 7
unset var ........... -&gt; nothing
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Concatenation (utiliser un sous shell en tapant: sh + return)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> var=debut;echo ${var}ant ........... ----&gt;debutant
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Commande ‘set’ et ‘shift’ (utiliser un sous shell en tapant: sh + return)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> c="prof eleve classe note";set $c;echo $1 $2
........... ---&gt;prof eleve
c="prof eleve classe note";shift;echo $1 $2
........... ---&gt;eleve classe
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Commande ‘eval’ (utiliser un sous shell en tapant: sh + return)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> message="date d'aujourd'hui?";set $message;echo $# .......#resultat: 2
message="date d'aujourd'hui?";set $message;echo $1 .......#resultat: date
message="date d'aujourd'hui?";set $message;eval $1 .......#resultat: dim 20 jan..
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="note-sed">NOTE sed</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>Les exemples de <strong>sed</strong> ne font que modifier l’affichage du fichier (sortie standard 1 = l’écran).<br>
Pour des modifications permanentes avec les anciennes versions (inférieure à 4) utiliser un fichier temporaire<br>
Pour GNU sed utiliser le paramètre <strong>-i[suffixe]</strong> (<strong>–in-place[=suffixe]</strong>), comme dans l’exemple suivant <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sed -i".bak" '3d' monFichier.txt</code> qui aura pour effet, de ne produire aucun affichage sur la sortie standard, de modifier le fichier original <em>monFichier.txt</em> en supprimant la 3ème ligne et de créer un fichier de sauvegarde nommé <em>monFichier.txt.bak</em></p>
</blockquote>
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var $this = $(this);
$tocUl.append($('<li></li>').addClass('toc-' + $this.prop('tagName').toLowerCase())
.append($('<a></a>').text($this.text()).attr('href', '#' + $this.prop('id'))));
});
$tocLi = $tocUl.children('li');
$tocUl.on('click', 'a', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
var $this = $(this);
scrolling = true;
setState($this.parent());
$scroller.scrollToAnchor($this.attr('href'), 400, function() {
scrolling = false;
});
});
}
hasRendered = true;
}
function init() {
var interval, timeout;
if(!hasInit) {
render(); calc(); setState(null, scrolling);
// run calc every 100 millisecond
interval = setInterval(function() {
calc();
}, 100);
timeout = setTimeout(function() {
clearInterval(interval);
}, 45000);
window.pageLoad.then(function() {
setTimeout(function() {
clearInterval(interval);
clearTimeout(timeout);
}, 3000);
});
$scrollTarget.on('scroll', function() {
disabled || setState(null, scrolling);
});
$window.on('resize', window.throttle(function() {
if (!disabled) {
render(); calc(); setState(null, scrolling);
}
}, 100));
}
hasInit = true;
}
setOptions(options);
if (!disabled) {
init();
}
$window.on('resize', window.throttle(function() {
init();
}, 200));
return {
setOptions: setOptions
};
}
$.fn.toc = toc;
});
})();
/*(function () {
})();*/
</script><script>
/* toc must before affix, since affix need to konw toc' height. */(function() {
var SOURCES = window.TEXT_VARIABLES.sources;
var TOC_SELECTOR = window.TEXT_VARIABLES.site.toc.selectors;
window.Lazyload.js(SOURCES.jquery, function() {
var $window = $(window);
var $articleContent = $('.js-article-content');
var $tocRoot = $('.js-toc-root'), $col2 = $('.js-col-aside');
var toc;
var tocDisabled = false;
var hasSidebar = $('.js-page-root').hasClass('layout--page--sidebar');
var hasToc = $articleContent.find(TOC_SELECTOR).length > 0;
function disabled() {
return $col2.css('display') === 'none' || !hasToc;
}
tocDisabled = disabled();
toc = $tocRoot.toc({
selectors: TOC_SELECTOR,
container: $articleContent,
scrollTarget: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
scroller: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
disabled: tocDisabled
});
$window.on('resize', window.throttle(function() {
tocDisabled = disabled();
toc && toc.setOptions({
disabled: tocDisabled
});
}, 100));
});
})();
(function() {
var SOURCES = window.TEXT_VARIABLES.sources;
window.Lazyload.js(SOURCES.jquery, function() {
var $window = $(window), $pageFooter = $('.js-page-footer');
var $pageAside = $('.js-page-aside');
var affix;
var tocDisabled = false;
var hasSidebar = $('.js-page-root').hasClass('layout--page--sidebar');
affix = $pageAside.affix({
offsetBottom: $pageFooter.outerHeight(),
scrollTarget: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
scroller: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
scroll: hasSidebar ? $('.js-page-main').children() : null,
disabled: tocDisabled
});
$window.on('resize', window.throttle(function() {
affix && affix.setOptions({
disabled: tocDisabled
});
}, 100));
window.pageAsideAffix = affix;
});
})();
</script><!---->
</div>
<script>(function () {
var $root = document.getElementsByClassName('root')[0];
if (window.hasEvent('touchstart')) {
$root.dataset.isTouch = true;
document.addEventListener('touchstart', function(){}, false);
}
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>
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