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<article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="article__header"><header><h1 style="color:Tomato;">yunohost-commandes-pratiques-en-shell</h1></header></div><meta itemprop="headline" content="yunohost-commandes-pratiques-en-shell"><div class="article__info clearfix"><ul class="left-col menu"><li>
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<a class="button button--secondary button--pill button--sm" style="color:#00FFFF" href="/archive.html?tag=yunohost">yunohost</a>
2024-10-31 20:18:37 +01:00
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<i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i>&nbsp;<span title="Création" style="color:#FF00FF">25&nbsp;déc.&nbsp;&nbsp;2019</span>
<span title="Modification" style="color:#00FF7F">23&nbsp;nov.&nbsp;&nbsp;2018</span></li></ul></div><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2018-11-23T00:00:00+01:00">
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<summary><b>Afficher/cacher Sommaire</b></summary>
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</details><p><a class="btn btn-lg btn-default" href="packaging_apps_fr">Packaging dapplication</a></p>
<h2 id="commandes-pratiques-en-shell">Commandes pratiques en Shell</h2>
<p>À partir de YunoHost 2.4, de <strong>nouvelles commandes pratiques <em>(helpers)</em> en shell</strong> sont disponible pour faciliter le <em>packaging</em>, particulièrement pour des tâches répétitives comme la génération de mot de passe, la création de base de données MySQL…</p>
<p>Des exemples sont disponibles dans l<a href="https://github.com/YunoHost/example_ynh/blob/master/scripts/install">application dexemple</a>. Il est conseillé dutiliser les commandes pratiques.</p>
<p>Vous pourrez les retrouver dans ce <a href="https://github.com/YunoHost/yunohost/blob/stable/data/helpers.d">dépôt</a>.</p>
<p>Pour pouvoir utiliser les helpers, il faudra ajouter les lignes suivantes au début des scripts shell :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code># Source app helpers
source /usr/share/yunohost/helpers
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Le script helpers va exécuter tout les scripts présent dans helpers.d et donc charger les fonctions des helpers. Afin quelles puissent être appelées simplement.</p>
<h3 id="liste-non-exhaustive-des-helpers-disponibles">Liste non exhaustive des helpers disponibles</h3>
<h4 id="base-de-données">Base de données</h4>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_mysql_execute_as_root SQL DB
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Exécute la commande SQL <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">SQL</code> en tant que lutilisateur root sur la base de données <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">DB</code> (ce dernier argument est optionnel).</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_mysql_execute_file_as_root FILE DB
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Exécute les commandes SQL contenues dans le fichier <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">FILE</code> en tant que lutilisateur root sur la base de données <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">DB</code> (ce dernier argument est optionnel).</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_mysql_create_db DB USER PWD
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Crée la base de données <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">DB</code> et donne tous les droits sur celle-ci à lutilisateur <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">USER</code> (automatiquement créé) identifié par le mot de passe <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PWD</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_mysql_drop_db DB
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Supprime la base de données <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">DB</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_mysql_drop_user USERNAME
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Supprime lutilisateur MySQL <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">USERNAME</code> MySQL.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_mysql_dump_db DB &gt; ./FILE
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Exporte la base de données <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">DB</code> dans le fichier <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">FILE</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="gestion-des-paquets-debian">Gestion des paquets Debian</h4>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_package_is_installed PACKAGE
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Détermine si le paquet <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PACKAGE</code> est installé sur le système.<br />
La sortie de la commande doit être testée pour en connaître le résultat. Par exemple :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>if ! ynh_package_is_installed "yunohost" ; then
echo "Oups, le paquet n'est pas installé."
else
echo "Le paquet est installé !"
fi
</code></pre></div> </div>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_package_version PACKAGE
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Retourne la version du paquet <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PACKAGE</code> installé sur le système.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_package_update
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Met à jour la liste des paquets disponibles de manière silencieuse et non interactive.<br />
Cest un <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">apt-get update</code> avec les options -y -qq et noninteractive.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><br /></p>
<p><strong>Attention, les commandes suivantes sont à éviter autant que possible. Il nest pas sain dinstaller et encore moins de supprimer un paquet sans en gérer les conflits et dépendances. Ceci sera bientôt facilité dans les prochaines versions de YunoHost…</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_package_install PACKAGE1 PACKAGE2
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Installe les paquets <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PACKAGE1</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PACKAGE2</code>, etc de manière non interactive et silencieuse.<br />
Cest un <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">apt-get install</code> avec les options -y -qq et noninteractive.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_package_remove PACKAGE1 PACKAGE2
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Supprime les paquets <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PACKAGE1</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PACKAGE2</code>, etc de manière non interactive et silencieuse.<br />
Cest un <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">apt-get remove</code> avec les options -y -qq et noninteractive.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_package_autoremove PACKAGE1 PACKAGE2
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Supprime les paquets <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PACKAGE1</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PACKAGE2</code>, etc ainsi que tous les paquets qui ne semblent plus utilisé, de manière non interactive et silencieuse.<br />
Cest un <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">apt-get autoremove</code> avec les options -y -qq et noninteractive.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="configuration-des-applications">Configuration des applications</h4>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_app_setting_set APP KEY VALUE
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Stocke le réglage nommé <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">KEY</code> dont la valeur est <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">VALUE</code> pour lapplication <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">APP </code>, afin de le réutiliser plus tard (typiquement dans le script <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">upgrade</code>) ou pour que YunoHost puisse se configurer automatiquement (par exemple pour le SSO).<br />
Les réglages sont stockés dans le fichier /etc/yunohost/apps/${APP}/settings.yml.<br />
Par exemple, pour stocker le paramètre de visibilité, privé ou public, dune application, on notera ainsi :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_app_setting_set nom_app is_public "yes"
</code></pre></div> </div>
</blockquote>
<p>Le SSO fait appel aux réglages stockés pour lapplication afin de déterminer si cette dernière peux être accessible publiquement ou non.<br />
Pour cela, 6 clés différentes sont disponible :</p>
<p>Tout dabord <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">skipped_uris</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">unprotected_uris</code> et <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">protected_uris</code>. Ces 3 clés sont relatives au chemin (ou <em>path</em>) de lapplication.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Par exemple :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_app_setting_set nom_app skipped_uris "/"
</code></pre></div> </div>
<p>concernera la racine de lapplication, soit https://domain.tld/path_app/ ainsi que tout ce qui suivra.
Alors que :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_app_setting_set nom_app skipped_uris "/blog"
</code></pre></div> </div>
<p>concernera le path /blog de lapplication, soit https://domain.tld/path_app/blog et ce qui suivra, mais pas https://domain.tld/path_app/.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>skipped_uris</strong><br />
Une url ajoutée avec la clé <em>skipped_uris</em> sera totalement ignorée par le SSO, donc laccès sera public et ne prendra pas en compte un utilisateur déjà connecté.</p>
<p><strong>unprotected_uris</strong><br />
Une url ajoutée avec la clé <em>unprotected_uris</em> sera accessible publiquement, mais un utilisateur connecté au SSO pourra se connecter en utilisant le header HTTP.</p>
<p><strong>protected_uris</strong><br />
Une url ajoutée avec la clé <em>protected_uris</em> sera bloquée par le SSO et accessible uniquement aux utilisateurs authentifiés.</p>
<p>Les clés <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">skipped_regex</code>, <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">unprotected_regex</code> et <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">protected_regex</code> sont les équivalents en “expressions régulières” des 3 clés précédentes.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Il est important de noter que ce ne sont pas véritablement des expressions régulières qui seront interprétés, mais des patterns lua, dont la syntaxe différe légèrement.<br />
<a href="http://wxlua.free.fr/Tutoriel_Lua/Tuto/Strings/strings6.php">Plus dinfos sur la syntaxe des patterns lua.</a> <a href="http://wxlua.free.fr/Tutoriel_Lua/Tuto/Strings/strings7.php">Ainsi que quelques exemples.</a><br />
Les patterns utilisant des regex, contrairement aux précédents, sont recherchés sur la totalité de lURL, et non uniquement sur la partie spécifique à lapplication. Il convient donc décrire des patterns qui englobent lURL entière (incluant <em>domaine</em> et <em>chemin</em>).
Par exemple, si on souhaite placer <em>skipped_regex</em> sur /blog en considérant une suite de chiffres indéfinie en argument. On indiquera ceci :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_app_setting_set nom_app skipped_regex "$domain$path/blog%?%d+$"
</code></pre></div> </div>
<p>Cela pose toutefois un éventuel problème, si les variables $domain ou $path contiennent un tiret (-), celui-ci sera interprété comme étant un caractère magique du pattern. Il faut donc échapper les éventuels tirets avec un %.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>domainregex=$(echo "$domain" | sed 's/-/\%&amp;/g')
pathregex=$(echo "$path" | sed 's/-/\%&amp;/g')
ynh_app_setting_set nom_app skipped_regex "$domainregex$pathregex/blog%?%d+$"
</code></pre></div> </div>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_app_setting_get APP KEY
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Récupère le paramètre <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">KEY</code> stocké précémment pour lapplication <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">APP</code>.<br />
Par exemple :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>is_public=$(ynh_app_setting_get nom_app is_public)
</code></pre></div> </div>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_app_setting_delete APP KEY
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Supprime le paramètre <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">KEY</code> enregistré pour lapplication <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">APP</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="gestion-des-utilisateurs">Gestion des utilisateurs</h4>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_user_exists USERNAME
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Vérifie lexistence de lutilisateur <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">USERNAME</code> dans Yunohost.<br />
La sortie de la commande doit être testée pour en connaître le résultat. Par exemple :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>if ynh_user_exists "johndoe" ; then
echo "L'utilisateur existe !"
fi
</code></pre></div> </div>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_user_get_info USERNAME KEY
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Récupère linformation <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">KEY</code> sur lutilisateur <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">USERNAME</code>.<br />
Les valeurs possibles de <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">KEY</code> sont :</p>
<ul>
<li>firstname</li>
<li>fullname</li>
<li>lastname</li>
<li>mail</li>
<li>mail-aliases</li>
<li>mailbox-quota<br />
Par exemple :
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>mailadmin=$(ynh_user_get_info $admin mail)
</code></pre></div> </div>
</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_system_user_exists USERNAME
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Détermine si lutilisateur <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">USERNAME</code> existe sur le système.<br />
La sortie de la commande doit être testée pour en connaître le résultat. Par exemple :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>if ynh_system_user_exists "www-data" ; then
echo "L'utilisateur existe sur le système !"
fi
</code></pre></div> </div>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_system_user_create USER_NAME [HOME_DIR]
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Créer lutilisateur système <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">USER_NAME</code>, si il nexiste pas déjà.<br />
Si aucun dossier home nest mentionné, lutilisateur sera créé sans home.<br />
<strong>Nécessite YunoHost version 2.6</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_system_user_delete USER_NAME
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Supprime lutilisateur système <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">USER_NAME</code>.<br />
<strong>Nécessite YunoHost version 2.6</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="gestion-des-ports">Gestion des ports</h4>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_find_port BEGIN_PORT
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Cherche un port libre en commençant par <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">BEGIN_PORT</code><br />
Le numéro de port trouvé est renvoyé en fin de commande.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>port=$(ynh_find_port 8080)
</code></pre></div> </div>
<p><strong>Nécessite YunoHost version 2.6</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="autres-commandes">Autres commandes</h4>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_string_random LENGTH
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Génère une chaine de caractères aléatoires de longueur <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">LENGTH</code> (par défaut 24).</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ynh_die MSG RETCODE
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Affiche le message <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">MSG</code> (sur stderr) et termine le script avec le code <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">RETCODE</code> (par défaut 1).</p>
</blockquote>
<p><br /></p>
<p><strong>Les commandes suivantes sont amenées à être remplacées (voir supprimées) dans les prochaines versions de YunoHost.</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo yunohost firewall allow [--no-upnp] {TCP,UDP,Both} PORT
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Ouvre le port <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PORT</code> sur le parefeu en TCP, UDP ou les deux.
Louverture automatique des ports via upnp peux être désactivé sur ce port en spécifiant loption <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">--no-upnp</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo yunohost firewall disallow {TCP,UDP,Both} PORT
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Ferme le port <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">PORT</code> sur le parefeu en TCP, UDP ou les deux.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo yunohost app checkurl DOMAINPATH -a APP
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Vérifie la disponibilité du chemin DOMAIN/PATH. Il est utile pour les applications web et vous permet dêtre sûr que le chemin nest pas utilisé par une autre application. Si le chemin est inutilisé, elle le « réserve » pour lapplication APP.<br />
<strong>Remarque</strong> : ne pas préfixer par <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">http://</code> ou par <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">https://</code> dans le <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">DOMAINPATH</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo yunohost app addaccess [--users=USER] APP
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Autorise lutilisateur <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">USER</code> à accéder à lapplication <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">APP</code>.
Si loption <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">--users</code> nest pas spécifiée, laccès à lapplication <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">APP</code> est accordé à tout les utilisateurs.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo yunohost app removeaccess --users=USER APP
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Retire lautorisation daccès de lutilisateur <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">USER</code> à lapplication <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">APP</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo yunohost service add NAME [-l LOG]
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Ajoute le service <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">NAME</code> dans linterface de gestion admin de YunoHost.
Le fichier de log du service peux être ajouté avec loption <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-l</code> en indiquant son chemin absolu.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo yunohost service remove NAME
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Retire le service <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">NAME</code> dans linterface de gestion admin de YunoHost.</p>
</blockquote>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo yunohost app ssowatconf
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Cette commande régénère la configuration du SSO. Elle est appelée automatiquement à la fin du script.<br />
Mais peux être appelée avant si nécessaire.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Exemple</p>
<p>Private</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>root@xeuyakzas:/home/yak# source /usr/share/yunohost/helpers
root@xeuyakzas:/home/yak# ynh_app_setting_set dokuwiki is_public "no"
root@xeuyakzas:/home/yak# ynh_app_setting_set dokuwiki protected_uris "/"
root@xeuyakzas:/home/yak# yunohost app ssowatconf
</code></pre></div></div>
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scroll: hasSidebar ? $('.js-page-main').children() : null,
disabled: tocDisabled
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$window.on('resize', window.throttle(function() {
affix && affix.setOptions({
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}, 100));
window.pageAsideAffix = affix;
});
})();
</script><!---->
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