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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no"><title>NFS (Network File System), partages réseau linux - YannStatic</title>
<meta name="description" content="Introduction. NFS, pour Network File System (système de fichiers en réseau) est à l’origine un protocole qui permet à un ordinateur d’accéder à des fichiers ...">
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<article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="article__header"><header><h1 style="color:Tomato;">NFS (Network File System), partages réseau linux</h1></header></div><meta itemprop="headline" content="NFS (Network File System), partages réseau linux"><div class="article__info clearfix"><ul class="left-col menu"><li>
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<i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i>&nbsp;<span title="Création" style="color:#FF00FF">10&nbsp;janv.&nbsp;2024</span>
<span title="Modification" style="color:#00FF7F">11&nbsp;oct.&nbsp;&nbsp;2024</span></li></ul></div><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2024-10-11T00:00:00+02:00">
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</details><p><em>Introduction. NFS, pour Network File System (système de fichiers en réseau) est à l’origine un protocole qui permet à un ordinateur d’accéder à des fichiers via un réseau. Il permet de partager des données principalement entre systèmes UNIX (<a href="https://shape.host/resources/how-to-set-up-and-configure-an-nfs-server-on-debian-12">How to Set Up and Configure an NFS Server on Debian 12</a>)</em></p>
<h2 id="nfs-serveur">NFS serveur</h2>
<p><img src="/images/nfs-logo.png" alt="nfs" width="120" /></p>
<h3 id="debian-nfs">Debian NFS</h3>
<p>Pour commencer, nous devons installer le paquet serveur NFS sur la machine qui agira comme serveur. Le paquet NFS est disponible par défaut dans le dépôt Debian.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo apt update
sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server nfs-common
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Une fois l’installation terminée, le service serveur NFS sera créé, exécuté et activé par défaut sur votre machine Debian.<br />
Vous pouvez vérifier l’état du service en exécutant la commande suivante :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo systemctl status nfs-server
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>● nfs-server.service - NFS server and services
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
Active: active (exited) since Sun 2024-01-07 14:29:34 CET; 23s ago
Main PID: 521654 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CPU: 7ms
janv. 07 14:29:34 rnmkcy.eu systemd[1]: Starting nfs-server.service - NFS server and services...
janv. 07 14:29:34 rnmkcy.eu exportfs[521653]: exportfs: can't open /etc/exports for reading
janv. 07 14:29:34 rnmkcy.eu systemd[1]: Finished nfs-server.service - NFS server and services.
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="nfsv4">NFSv4</h3>
<p>La dernière version du protocole NFS est NFSv4, qui offre des fonctionnalités de sécurité et de performance améliorées. Dans cette section, nous allons configurer NFSv4 sur le serveur.</p>
<p>Ouvrez le fichier de configuration NFS <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/etc/default/nfs-common</code><br />
Dans ce fichier, trouvez le paramètre NEED_ STATD et le mettre à «no». Ensuite, trouvez le paramètre NEED_IDMAPD et définissez-le à « yes ». Ces changements sont nécessaires pour que NFSv4 fonctionne correctement.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>NEED_STATD="no"
NEED_IDMAPD="yes"
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ouvrir la configuration du serveur NFS <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/etc/default/nfs-kernel-server</code></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo nano /etc/default/nfs-kernel-server
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><u>Pour désactiver la version 3</u><br />
Sur Debian 12, la version 2 de NFS est désactivée. Les versions 3 et 4 sont activées. Vérifiez la version installée à l’aide de cette commande : <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sudo cat /proc/fs/nfsd/versions</code></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>+3 +4 +4.1 +4.2
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ajouter la configuration suivante pour désactiver NFSv3 lors du fonctionnement du service nfs-server, et désactiver les demandes de montage de clients pour NFSv2 et NFSv3.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>RPCNFSDOPTS="-N 3"
RPCMOUNTDOPTS="--manage-gids -N 3"
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Redémarrer le service nfs-server pour appliquer les modifications, le serveur NFS n’acceptera que le protocole NFSv4.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo systemctl restart nfs-server
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="pare-feu">Pare-feu</h3>
<p><em>Pour sécuriser votre serveur NFS, il est essentiel de configurer le pare-feu.</em></p>
<h4 id="ufw">UFW</h4>
<p><em>UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) pour permettre l’accès au serveur NFS uniquement à partir de réseaux de confiance.</em></p>
<p>Permettre l’accès au serveur NFS à partir de votre réseau local</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo ufw allow from 192.168.0.0/24 to any port nfs
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>vérifier l’état pour s’assurer que les changements ont été appliqués</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo ufw status
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>2049 ALLOW 192.168.0.0/24
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>on voit que le port NFS 2049 est ajouté à UFW, permettant l’accès à partir de votre réseau local.</p>
<h3 id="point-de-montage-partage">Point de montage partage</h3>
<h4 id="dossier">Dossier</h4>
<p>Créer le point de montage</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo mkdir /sharenfs
</code></pre></div></div>
<h4 id="volume-lvm">Volume LVM</h4>
<p><em>Dans le cas d’un système de fichiers LVM</em></p>
<p>Créer un volume logique de 150Go sur le volume think-vg nommé nfs-share</p>
<div class="language-shell highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">sudo </span>lvcreate <span class="nt">-L</span> 150G <span class="nt">-n</span> nfs-share think-vg <span class="c"># Attribue 150G</span>
<span class="nb">sudo </span>mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/think--vg-nfs--share
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Relever UUID : <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">sudo blkid |grep "nfs--share"</code></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>/dev/mapper/think--vg-nfs--share: UUID="a06443f5-5684-4fcd-9cc0-998680ae41c2" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Montage fstab /sharenfs</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo mkdir /sharenfs
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>ajouter ce qui suit au fichier <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/etc/fstab</code></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code># /dev/mapper/think--vg-nfs--share
UUID=a06443f5-5684-4fcd-9cc0-998680ae41c2 /sharenfs ext4 defaults 0 2
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Montage et droits</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo mount -a
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="partage-nfs">Partage NFS</h3>
<p><em>choix Avec ou Sans pseudo système de fichiers</em></p>
<h4 id="sans-pseudo-système-de-fichiers-défaut">Sans pseudo système de fichiers (défaut)</h4>
<p>Déclarer un partage NFS</p>
<div class="language-shell highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">sudo mkdir</span> <span class="nt">-p</span> /sharenfs
<span class="nb">sudo chown</span> <span class="nt">-R</span> <span class="nv">$USER</span>:<span class="nv">$USER</span> /sharenfs <span class="c"># Modifications possibles par les utilisateurs avec ID=1000</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Pour déclarer les partages NFS, il faut s’appuyer sur le fichier “/etc/exports”</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo nano /etc/exports
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ajouter la ligne suivante au fichier :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>/sharenfs 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0(rw,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check)
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Voici les options d’exportation qui peuvent être utilisées :</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>rw</strong> permet l’accès en lecture et en écriture au système de fichiers.</li>
<li><strong>sync</strong> indique au serveur NFS d’effectuer des opérations d’écriture (écriture d’informations sur le disque) lorsqu’elles sont demandées (s’applique par défaut).</li>
<li><strong>all_squash</strong> fait correspondre tous les UID et GID des demandes des clients à l’utilisateur anonyme.</li>
<li><strong>no_all_squash</strong> permet d’affecter tous les UID et GID des requêtes des clients à des UID et GID identiques sur le serveur NFS.</li>
<li><strong>root_squash</strong> fait correspondre les demandes de l’utilisateur root ou de l’UID/GID 0 du client à l’UID/GID anonyme.</li>
<li><strong>no_root_squash</strong> : Ne force pas le mapping de l’utilisateur root (UID=0) vers l’utilisateur anonyme</li>
<li><strong>subtree_check</strong> : Active la vérification des droits d’accès des sous-dossiers. C’est le comportement par défaut.</li>
<li><strong>no_subtree_check</strong> : Ignore la vérification des droits d’accès des sous-dossiers (perte d’un petit peu de sécurité mais peut améliorer la fiabilité)</li>
</ul>
<p>Une fois les systèmes de fichiers définis dans le fichier exports, nous devons exécuter la commande <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">exportfs</code> pour qu’ils soient exportés. La commande exportfs peut être exécutée avec le drapeau</p>
<ul>
<li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-a</code> exporter ou non-exporter tous les répertoires</li>
<li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-r</code> réexporter tous les répertoires, synchroniser <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/var/lib/nfs/etab</code> avec <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/etc/exports</code> et les fichiers sous <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/etc/exports.d</code></li>
<li><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">-v</code> obtenir une sortie en mode verbeux.</li>
</ul>
<p>Une fois les systèmes de fichiers définis dans le fichier exports, nous devons exécuter la commande exportfs pour qu’ils soient exportés. La commande exportfs peut être exécutée avec le drapeau -a qui signifie exporter ou non-exporter tous les répertoires, -r qui signifie réexporter tous les répertoires, synchroniser /var/lib/nfs/etab avec /etc/exports et les fichiers sous /etc/exports.d, et -v qui permet d’obtenir une sortie en mode verbeux.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo exportfs -arv
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>sudo exportfs -arv</p>
<p>Voici le résultat sur un serveur</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>exporting 192.168.0.0/24:/mnt/nfs-ssd
exporting 192.168.0.0/24:/sharenfs
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>exportant 10.70.5.0/24:/mnt/nfs_shares/backup</p>
<p>Pour afficher la liste des exportations en cours, exécutez la commande suivante. Veuillez noter que la table exportfs applique également certaines options par défaut qui ne sont pas explicitement définies</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo exportfs -s
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Résultat commande</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>/sharenfs 192.168.0.0/24(sync,wdelay,hide,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,rw,secure,no_root_squash,no_all_squash)
/mnt/nfs-ssd 192.168.0.0/24(sync,wdelay,hide,no_subtree_check,sec=sys,rw,secure,root_squash,no_all_squash)
</code></pre></div></div>
<h4 id="avec-pseudo-système-de-fichiers">Avec pseudo système de fichiers</h4>
<p><em>configurer un pseudo système de fichiers sur le serveur NFS et les exportations</em></p>
<p>Un pseudo système de fichiers vous permet de configurer un seul système de fichiers partagés pour tous vos répertoires NFS au lieu d’utiliser plusieurs répertoires partagés.</p>
<p>D’abord, créez les répertoires nécessaires en utilisant les commandes suivantes :</p>
<div class="language-shell highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">sudo mkdir</span> <span class="nt">-p</span> /sharenfs/<span class="o">{</span>rnmkcy,alpine,e6230,pc1,multimedia<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="c">#sudo chown -R nobody:nogroup /sharenfs # pas de modification directe possible par le client</span>
<span class="nb">sudo chown</span> <span class="nt">-R</span> <span class="nv">$USER</span>:<span class="nv">$USER</span> /sharenfs <span class="c"># Modifications possibles par les utilisateurs avec ID=1000</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ensuite, créez les répertoires d’exportation :</p>
<div class="language-shell highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">sudo mkdir</span> <span class="nt">-p</span> /exports/<span class="o">{</span>home,rnmkcy,alpine,e6230,pc1,multimedia<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="c">#sudo chown -R nobody:nogroup /exports # pas de modification directe possible par le client</span>
<span class="nb">sudo chown</span> <span class="nt">-R</span> <span class="nv">$USER</span>:<span class="nv">$USER</span> /exports <span class="c"># Modifications possibles par les utilisateurs avec ID=1000</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p class="info">IMPORTANT : Un des avantages de NFS est la gestion des utilisateurs basée sur l’ID<br />
Les dossiers et fichiers de “home” sont modifiables par tous les utilisateurs ayant un ID=1000</p>
<p><strong>répertoires comme pseudo systèmes de fichiers</strong></p>
<p>montez les répertoires comme pseudo systèmes de fichiers</p>
<div class="language-shell highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">sudo </span>mount <span class="nt">--bind</span> /home /exports/home
<span class="nb">sudo </span>mount <span class="nt">--bind</span> /sharenfs/rnmkcy /exports/rnmkcy
<span class="nb">sudo </span>mount <span class="nt">--bind</span> /sharenfs/alpine /exports/alpine
<span class="nb">sudo </span>mount <span class="nt">--bind</span> /sharenfs/e6230 /exports/e6230
<span class="nb">sudo </span>mount <span class="nt">--bind</span> /sharenfs/pc1 /exports/pc1
<span class="nb">sudo </span>mount <span class="nt">--bind</span> /sharenfs/multimedia /exports/multimedia
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Pour que les pseudo-systèmes de fichiers soient montés en permanence, vous pouvez les ajouter au fichier /etc/fstab.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo nano /etc/fstab
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ajouter les lignes suivantes au fichier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>/home /exports/home none bind
/sharenfs/rnmkcy /exports/rnmkcy none bind
/sharenfs/alpine /exports/alpine none bind
/sharenfs/e6230 /exports/e6230 none bind
/sharenfs/pc1 /exports/pc1 none bind
/sharenfs/multimedia /exports/multimedia none bind
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>fichier des exportations</strong></p>
<p>Ensuite, ouvrez le fichier des exportations :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo nano /etc/exports
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ajouter la ligne suivante au fichier :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>/exports 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0(rw,no_root_squash,no_subtree_check,crossmnt,fsid=0)
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Redémarrer le service serveur NFS pour appliquer les modifications :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo systemctl restart nfs-server
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Pour vérifier les répertoires exportés, exécutez la commande suivante :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo showmount -e 192.168.0.215
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Vous devriez voir le répertoire /exports listé comme un répertoire exporté.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>Export list for 192.168.0.215:
/exports 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="client-nfs">Client NFS</h2>
<p><em>Le serveur NFS est configuré, nous pouvons configurer la machine client NFS et monter le système de fichiers partagés.</em></p>
<p>Installez le paquetage du client NFS</p>
<div class="language-shell highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">sudo </span>apt <span class="nb">install </span>nfs-common <span class="c"># debian</span>
<span class="nb">sudo </span>pacman <span class="nt">-S</span> nfs-utils <span class="c"># archlinux</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="montage">Montage</h3>
<h4 id="options-montage-fstab">Options montage fstab</h4>
<p><em>/etc/fstab est utilisé par le noyau Linux pour déterminer ce qui doit être monté au moment du démarrage et, par conséquent, les partages NFS peuvent également être montés par son intermédiaire. Cependant, si vous ne fournissez qu’une entrée régulière comme pour une partition ou un disque, vous rencontrerez le problème que le partage NFS est monté bien avant que les interfaces réseau n’aient été établies.</em></p>
<p>Pour résoudre ce problème, vous devez fournir les paramètres suivants dans l’entrée du fichier /etc/fstab<br />
<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">x-systemd.automount,x-systemd.requires=network-online.target,x-systemd.device-timeout=10s</code></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>x-systemd.automount</strong> : une unité de montage automatique systemd sera créée pour le système de fichiers.</li>
<li><strong>x-systemd.requires=network-online.target</strong> : configure une dépendance Requires= et After= entre l’unité de montage créée et l’autre unité spécifiée. En bref, cela indique à systemd d’exécuter l’automount une fois que le réseau est en ligne, ce qui signifie que c’est la sauce secrète pour s’assurer que le montage NFS dispose d’un réseau disponible.</li>
<li><strong>x-systemd.device-timeout</strong> : configure combien de temps systemd doit attendre que le montage apparaisse avant d’abandonner l’entrée de /etc/fstab. Vous pouvez utiliser des unités telles que ms, s, min et h, la valeur par défaut étant s pour les secondes.</li>
</ul>
<p>Pour résumer, voici l’entrée du fichier /etc/fstab</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>&lt;server IP address&gt;:&lt;NFS share&gt; &lt;local mount location&gt; nfs nofail,x-systemd.automount,x-systemd.requires=network-online.target,x-systemd.device-timeout=10s
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>nofail</strong> n’est plus nécessaire dans le cas où le réseau n’est pas encore disponible, car systemd s’en est chargé. Cependant, il peut y avoir d’autres raisons pour lesquelles le partage n’est pas disponible, par exemple, le serveur NFS lui-même est inaccessible, donc <strong>nofail</strong> est un pari sûr pour s’assurer que la machine se réveille indépendamment du montage NFS.</p>
<p>Une fois que vous avez ajouté l’entrée dans le fichier /etc/fstab et redémarré le système, vous trouverez une entrée supplémentaire signalée par la commande mount</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>systemd-&lt;N&gt; on &lt;local mount location&gt; type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=46,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct)
</code></pre></div></div>
<h4 id="montage-fstab-défaut">Montage fstab [défaut)</h4>
<p>Créez le(s) répertoire(s) de montage cible</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>mkdir -p /mnt/sharenfs
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Pour monter le serveur NFS de manière permanente, nous pouvons éditer le fichier /etc/fstab.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo nano /etc/fstab
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ajoutez la ligne suivante au fichier :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>#192.168.0.215:/ /mnt/sharenfs nfs4 x-systemd.after=network-online.target,soft,timeo=100,rsize=8192,wsize=8192
192.168.0.215:/ /mnt/sharenfs nfs4 nofail,x-systemd.automount,x-systemd.requires=network-online.target,x-systemd.device-timeout=10s,rsize=8192,wsize=8192
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Rechargez le gestionnaire systemd et montez tous les systèmes de fichiers dans le fichier /etc/fstab</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo mount -a
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Vérifiez les systèmes de fichiers montés à l’aide de la commande df</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>df -h
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Vous devriez voir que le serveur NFS est monté</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>192.168.0.215:/ 147G 48G 92G 35% /mnt/sharenfs
</code></pre></div></div>
<h4 id="montage-fstab-pseudo-système-de-fichiers-sur-le-serveur">Montage fstab (pseudo système de fichiers sur le serveur)</h4>
<p>Créez le(s) répertoire(s) de montage cible</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>mkdir -p /mnt/sharenfs/{users,rnmkcy,alpine,e6230,pc1,multimedia}
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Montez les pseudo-systèmes de fichiers exportés dans les répertoires cibles</p>
<div class="language-shell highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">sudo </span>mount.nfs4 192.168.0.215:/home /mnt/sharenfs/users
<span class="nb">sudo </span>mount.nfs4 192.168.0.215:/rnmkcy /mnt/sharenfs/rnmkcy
<span class="nb">sudo </span>mount.nfs4 192.168.0.215:/alpine /mnt/sharenfs/alpine
<span class="nb">sudo </span>mount.nfs4 192.168.0.215:/e6230 /mnt/sharenfs/e6230
<span class="nb">sudo </span>mount.nfs4 192.168.0.215:/pc1 /mnt/sharenfs/pc1
<span class="nb">sudo </span>mount.nfs4 192.168.0.215:/multimedia /mnt/sharenfs/multimedia
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Pour monter le serveur NFS de manière permanente, nous pouvons éditer le fichier /etc/fstab.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo nano /etc/fstab
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ajoutez les lignes suivantes au fichier :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>192.168.0.215:/home /mnt/sharenfs/users nfs4 soft,timeo=100,rsize=8192,wsize=8192
192.168.0.215:/rnmkcy /mnt/sharenfs/rnmkcy nfs4 soft,timeo=100,rsize=8192,wsize=8192
192.168.0.215:/alpine /mnt/sharenfs/alpine nfs4 soft,timeo=100,rsize=8192,wsize=8192
192.168.0.215:/e6230 /mnt/sharenfs/e6230 nfs4 soft,timeo=100,rsize=8192,wsize=8192
192.168.0.215:/pc1 /mnt/sharenfs/pc1 nfs4 soft,timeo=100,rsize=8192,wsize=8192
192.168.0.215:/multimedia /mnt/sharenfs/multimedia nfs4 soft,timeo=100,rsize=8192,wsize=8192
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Rechargez le gestionnaire systemd et montez tous les systèmes de fichiers dans le fichier /etc/fstab</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo mount -a
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Vérifiez les systèmes de fichiers montés à l’aide de la commande df</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>df -h
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Vous devriez voir que le serveur NFS est monté sur chaque répertoire cible</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>192.168.0.215:/home 63G 18G 43G 29% /mnt/sharenfs/users
192.168.0.215:/rnmkcy 147G 40K 140G 1% /mnt/sharenfs/rnmkcy
192.168.0.215:/alpine 147G 40K 140G 1% /mnt/sharenfs/alpine
192.168.0.215:/e6230 147G 40K 140G 1% /mnt/sharenfs/e6230
192.168.0.215:/pc1 147G 40K 140G 1% /mnt/sharenfs/pc1
</code></pre></div></div>
<h4 id="systemd-automount">Systemd automount</h4>
<p><em>A mettre en place sur un ordinateur portable qui n’est pas toujours connecté au réseau local</em></p>
<p class="warning">Les unités de montage doivent être nommées d’après les répertoires de points de montage qu’elles contrôlent.<br />
Exemple : le point de montage <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/mnt/sharenfs/e6230</code> doit être configuré dans un fichier d’unité <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mnt-sharenfs-e6230.mount</code></p>
<p>On peut définir le fichier unité en ligne de commande</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>systemd-escape -p --suffix=mount /mnt/sharenfs/e6230
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Renvoie : <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mnt-sharenfs-e6230.mount</code></p>
<p>Exemple ordinateur portable DELL e6230</p>
<p>Le partage local NFS : <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">192.168.0.215:/e6230</code><br />
Le point de montage : <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/mnt/sharenfs/e6230</code></p>
<p>Créer le point de montage</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo mkdir -p /mnt/sharenfs/e6230
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Créer les fichiers systemd mount et automount</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/sharenfs-e6230.mount
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Le contenu du fichier <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/etc/systemd/system/mnt-sharenfs-e6230.mount</code></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>[Unit]
Description=montage nfs
[Mount]
What=192.168.0.215:/e6230
Where=/mnt/sharenfs/e6230
Type=nfs
Options=defaults
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><code class="language-plaintext info highlighter-rouge">ajouter le paramètre TimeoutSec au fichier ci-dessus pour éviter les blocages lorsque le partage n'est pas présent sur votre réseau local</code></p>
<p>Le contenu du fichier <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/etc/systemd/system/mnt-sharenfs-e6230.automount</code></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>[Unit]
Description= automontage nfs
[Automount]
Where=/mnt/sharenfs/e6230
TimeoutIdleSec=0
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>A ce stade, vos fichiers unitaires sont prêts à être utilisés.<br />
Recharger systemd et lancer le mount pour tester</p>
<div class="language-shell highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">sudo </span>systemctl daemon-reload
<span class="nb">sudo </span>systemctl start mnt-sharenfs-e6230..mount
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Activez automount pour qu’il se lance au démarrage et permettre au partage d’être monté à la demande.</p>
<div class="language-shell highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">sudo </span>systemctl <span class="nb">enable </span>mnt-sharenfs-e6230.automount
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="liens">Liens</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://citizix.com/how-to-set-up-nfs-server-and-client-on-debian-12/">How to Set Up Nfs Server and Client on Debian 12</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.linuxtechi.com/how-to-install-nfs-server-on-debian/">How to Install NFS Server on Debian 12 Step-by-Step</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.baeldung.com/linux/check-nfs-version">Checking the Version of NFS</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
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sort: options.sortMiddleware,
exclude: options.exclude
})
if (_$utils_9.isJSON(options.json)) {
initWithJSON(options.json)
} else {
initWithURL(options.json)
}
const rv = {
search: search
}
typeof options.success === 'function' && options.success.call(rv)
return rv
}
function initWithJSON (json) {
_$Repository_4.put(json)
registerInput()
}
function initWithURL (url) {
_$JSONLoader_2.load(url, function (err, json) {
if (err) {
throwError('failed to get JSON (' + url + ')')
}
initWithJSON(json)
})
}
function emptyResultsContainer () {
options.resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''
}
function appendToResultsContainer (text) {
options.resultsContainer.innerHTML += text
}
function registerInput () {
options.searchInput.addEventListener('input', function (e) {
if (isWhitelistedKey(e.which)) {
emptyResultsContainer()
debounce(function () { search(e.target.value) }, options.debounceTime)
}
})
}
function search (query) {
if (isValidQuery(query)) {
emptyResultsContainer()
render(_$Repository_4.search(query), query)
}
}
function render (results, query) {
const len = results.length
if (len === 0) {
return appendToResultsContainer(options.noResultsText)
}
for (let i = 0; i < len; i++) {
results[i].query = query
appendToResultsContainer(_$Templater_7.compile(results[i]))
}
}
function isValidQuery (query) {
return query && query.length > 0
}
function isWhitelistedKey (key) {
return [13, 16, 20, 37, 38, 39, 40, 91].indexOf(key) === -1
}
function throwError (message) {
throw new Error('SimpleJekyllSearch --- ' + message)
}
})(window)
}());
</script>
<!-- Configuration -->
<script>
SimpleJekyllSearch({
searchInput: document.getElementById('search-input'),
resultsContainer: document.getElementById('results-container'),
noResultsText: '<p>Aucun résultat!</p>',
json: '/search.json',
searchResultTemplate: '<li><a href="{url}">{date}&nbsp;{title}</a>&nbsp;(Création {create})</li>'
})
</script>
</div></div>
<script>(function() {
var SOURCES = window.TEXT_VARIABLES.sources;
window.Lazyload.js(SOURCES.jquery, function() {
function scrollToAnchor(anchor, duration, callback) {
var $root = this;
$root.animate({ scrollTop: $(anchor).position().top }, duration, function() {
window.history.replaceState(null, '', window.location.href.split('#')[0] + anchor);
callback && callback();
});
}
$.fn.scrollToAnchor = scrollToAnchor;
});
})();
(function() {
var SOURCES = window.TEXT_VARIABLES.sources;
window.Lazyload.js(SOURCES.jquery, function() {
function affix(options) {
var $root = this, $window = $(window), $scrollTarget, $scroll,
offsetBottom = 0, scrollTarget = window, scroll = window.document, disabled = false, isOverallScroller = true,
rootTop, rootLeft, rootHeight, scrollBottom, rootBottomTop,
hasInit = false, curState;
function setOptions(options) {
var _options = options || {};
_options.offsetBottom && (offsetBottom = _options.offsetBottom);
_options.scrollTarget && (scrollTarget = _options.scrollTarget);
_options.scroll && (scroll = _options.scroll);
_options.disabled !== undefined && (disabled = _options.disabled);
$scrollTarget = $(scrollTarget);
isOverallScroller = window.isOverallScroller($scrollTarget[0]);
$scroll = $(scroll);
}
function preCalc() {
top();
rootHeight = $root.outerHeight();
rootTop = $root.offset().top + (isOverallScroller ? 0 : $scrollTarget.scrollTop());
rootLeft = $root.offset().left;
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needPreCalc && preCalc();
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rootBottomTop = scrollBottom - rootTop;
}
function top() {
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$root.removeClass('fixed').css({
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$root.addClass('fixed').css({
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curState = 'fixed';
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left: 0,
top: rootBottomTop + 'px'
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curState = 'bottom';
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timeout = setTimeout(function() {
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window.pageLoad.then(function() {
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clearInterval(interval);
clearTimeout(timeout);
}, 3000);
});
$scrollTarget.on('scroll', function() {
disabled || setState();
});
$window.on('resize', function() {
disabled || (calc(true), setState());
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hasInit = true;
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}
setOptions(options);
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$window.on('resize', window.throttle(function() {
init();
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return {
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refresh: function() {
calc(true, { animation: false }); setState();
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};
}
$.fn.affix = affix;
});
})();
(function() {
var SOURCES = window.TEXT_VARIABLES.sources;
window.Lazyload.js(SOURCES.jquery, function() {
function toc(options) {
var $root = this, $window = $(window), $scrollTarget, $scroller, $tocUl = $('<ul class="toc toc--ellipsis"></ul>'), $tocLi, $headings, $activeLast, $activeCur,
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headingsPos, scrolling = false, hasRendered = false, hasInit = false;
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_options.container && (container = _options.container);
_options.scrollTarget && (scrollTarget = _options.scrollTarget);
_options.scroller && (scroller = _options.scroller);
_options.disabled !== undefined && (disabled = _options.disabled);
$headings = $(container).find(selectors).filter('[id]');
$scrollTarget = $(scrollTarget);
$scroller = $(scroller);
}
function calc() {
headingsPos = [];
$headings.each(function() {
headingsPos.push(Math.floor($(this).position().top));
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}
function setState(element, disabled) {
var scrollTop = $scrollTarget.scrollTop(), i;
if (disabled || !headingsPos || headingsPos.length < 1) { return; }
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} else {
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if (scrollTop >= headingsPos[i]) {
$activeCur = $tocLi.eq(i);
} else {
$activeCur || ($activeCur = $tocLi.eq(i));
break;
}
}
}
$activeLast && $activeLast.removeClass('active');
($activeLast = $activeCur).addClass('active');
}
function render() {
if(!hasRendered) {
$root.append($tocUl);
$headings.each(function() {
var $this = $(this);
$tocUl.append($('<li></li>').addClass('toc-' + $this.prop('tagName').toLowerCase())
.append($('<a></a>').text($this.text()).attr('href', '#' + $this.prop('id'))));
});
$tocLi = $tocUl.children('li');
$tocUl.on('click', 'a', function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
var $this = $(this);
scrolling = true;
setState($this.parent());
$scroller.scrollToAnchor($this.attr('href'), 400, function() {
scrolling = false;
});
});
}
hasRendered = true;
}
function init() {
var interval, timeout;
if(!hasInit) {
render(); calc(); setState(null, scrolling);
// run calc every 100 millisecond
interval = setInterval(function() {
calc();
}, 100);
timeout = setTimeout(function() {
clearInterval(interval);
}, 45000);
window.pageLoad.then(function() {
setTimeout(function() {
clearInterval(interval);
clearTimeout(timeout);
}, 3000);
});
$scrollTarget.on('scroll', function() {
disabled || setState(null, scrolling);
});
$window.on('resize', window.throttle(function() {
if (!disabled) {
render(); calc(); setState(null, scrolling);
}
}, 100));
}
hasInit = true;
}
setOptions(options);
if (!disabled) {
init();
}
$window.on('resize', window.throttle(function() {
init();
}, 200));
return {
setOptions: setOptions
};
}
$.fn.toc = toc;
});
})();
/*(function () {
})();*/
</script><script>
/* toc must before affix, since affix need to konw toc' height. */(function() {
var SOURCES = window.TEXT_VARIABLES.sources;
var TOC_SELECTOR = window.TEXT_VARIABLES.site.toc.selectors;
window.Lazyload.js(SOURCES.jquery, function() {
var $window = $(window);
var $articleContent = $('.js-article-content');
var $tocRoot = $('.js-toc-root'), $col2 = $('.js-col-aside');
var toc;
var tocDisabled = false;
var hasSidebar = $('.js-page-root').hasClass('layout--page--sidebar');
var hasToc = $articleContent.find(TOC_SELECTOR).length > 0;
function disabled() {
return $col2.css('display') === 'none' || !hasToc;
}
tocDisabled = disabled();
toc = $tocRoot.toc({
selectors: TOC_SELECTOR,
container: $articleContent,
scrollTarget: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
scroller: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
disabled: tocDisabled
});
$window.on('resize', window.throttle(function() {
tocDisabled = disabled();
toc && toc.setOptions({
disabled: tocDisabled
});
}, 100));
});
})();
(function() {
var SOURCES = window.TEXT_VARIABLES.sources;
window.Lazyload.js(SOURCES.jquery, function() {
var $window = $(window), $pageFooter = $('.js-page-footer');
var $pageAside = $('.js-page-aside');
var affix;
var tocDisabled = false;
var hasSidebar = $('.js-page-root').hasClass('layout--page--sidebar');
affix = $pageAside.affix({
offsetBottom: $pageFooter.outerHeight(),
scrollTarget: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
scroller: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
scroll: hasSidebar ? $('.js-page-main').children() : null,
disabled: tocDisabled
});
$window.on('resize', window.throttle(function() {
affix && affix.setOptions({
disabled: tocDisabled
});
}, 100));
window.pageAsideAffix = affix;
});
})();
</script><!---->
</div>
<script>(function () {
var $root = document.getElementsByClassName('root')[0];
if (window.hasEvent('touchstart')) {
$root.dataset.isTouch = true;
document.addEventListener('touchstart', function(){}, false);
}
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>
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