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<article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="article__header"><header><h1 style="color:Tomato;">Glade développement des interfaces graphiques GTK+3</h1></header></div><meta itemprop="headline" content="Glade développement des interfaces graphiques GTK+3"><div class="article__info clearfix"><ul class="left-col menu"><li>
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<i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i>&nbsp;<span title="Création" style="color:#FF00FF">22&nbsp;janv.&nbsp;2019</span>
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</details><h1 id="développement-des-interfaces-graphiques-gtk3">Développement des interfaces graphiques GTK+3</h1>
<h2 id="environnement">Environnement</h2>
<p>Répertoire de travail <strong>~/media/dplus/python-dev/</strong></p>
<p>Structure pour le développement dapplication graphique<br />
<img src="/images/glade-c-template-files.jpg" alt="" width="300" /></p>
<h2 id="installer-python-et-gtk3--test">Installer python et gtk3 + test</h2>
<p>Article original <a href="https://zestedesavoir.com/tutoriels/870/des-interfaces-graphiques-en-python-et-gtk/">Des interfaces graphiques en Python et GTK</a><br />
Auteur : Wizix</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://apprendre-python.com/">Apprendre le langage de programmation python</a></li>
<li><a href="https://openclassrooms.com/fr/courses/1387611-creez-une-interface-avec-gtk/1387725-avant-de-se-lancer">Créez une interface avec GTK+ !</a></li>
<li><a href="https://zestedesavoir.com/tutoriels/870/des-interfaces-graphiques-en-python-et-gtk/">Des interfaces graphiques en Python et GTK (Utilisez Gtk+ 3 pour améliorer vos programmes Python 3 ) </a></li>
</ul>
<p>Avant de commencer à créer vos GUI (<em>Graphical User Interface</em>), il va falloir installer <a href="https://wiki.gnome.org/action/show/Projects/PyGObject">PyGObject</a> et ses dépendances. PyGObject est un module Python qui donne laccès aux développeurs aux bibliothèques basées sur GObject comme, dans le cas qui nous intéresse, GTK+. On va donc pouvoir utiliser GTK+ avec Python ! ^^</p>
<p>Voici les dépendances requises pour lutiliser :</p>
<ul>
<li>GTK+ 3</li>
<li>Python 3.1 au minimum</li>
<li>gobject-introspection</li>
</ul>
<p>Installer les dépendances : <strong>gtk3</strong>, <strong>python-gobject</strong> (or python2-gobject for Python 2)</p>
<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">apt-get</code></p>
<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">sudo </span>apt-get <span class="nb">install </span>python3-gi
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">pacman</code></p>
<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">sudo </span>pacman <span class="nt">-S</span> gtk3 python-gobject
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Test</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>nano hello_world.py
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">#!/usr/bin/env python
</span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">gi</span>
<span class="n">gi</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">require_version</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="s">Gtk</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sh">'</span><span class="s">3.0</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="n">gi.repository</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span>
<span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Hello</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">MessageDialog</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">message_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">MessageType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">INFO</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">buttons</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ButtonsType</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">OK</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="s">Hello world!</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">secondary_text</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="s">This is an example dialog.</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Hello</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">run</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Ouvrir un terminal dans le répertoire de travail</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>python hello_world.py
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Une fenêtre souvre</p>
<p><img src="/images/helloworldpy.png" alt="" width="150" /></p>
<h2 id="gtk">GTK+</h2>
<p>Je vous promet que vous avez tout intérêt à bien vous entendre avec cette documentation. En effet, vous allez y passer du temps car il est juste impossible de retenir toutes les méthodes offertes par GTK+. Je me dois donc de vous montrer comment la lire : rien de bien compliqué je vous rassure, elle est vraiment très bien faite et complète.</p>
<p>Bien, rendez-vous sur ce lien : <a href="http://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/Gtk-3.0/">http://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/Gtk-3.0/</a>. Vous laurez compris, cest de cette documentation que lon va parler ici.</p>
<p>Descendez la page et arrêtez vous à la section <a href="http://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/Gtk-3.0/#api">API</a>. Comme vous pouvez le voir, la documentation se décompose en dix grandes parties :</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Partie</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/Gtk-3.0/functions.html">Functions</a></td>
<td>Partie que nous nutiliserons pas, elle rassemble les différentes fonctions pour contrôler ou voir létat de GTK.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/Gtk-3.0/callbacks.html">Callbacks</a></td>
<td>De même, elle vous sera inutile. Elle rassemble les callbacks (mot que nous étudierons après) des différents widgets (pareil) de GTK.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/Gtk-3.0/interfaces.html">Interfaces</a></td>
<td>Les interfaces de GTK.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/Gtk-3.0/classes.html">Classes</a></td>
<td><strong>LA</strong> partie qui nous intéresses le plus. Cette partie référence tous les widgets que vous allez pouvoir utiliser pour construire votre interface. Jen ai compté à peu près 258. Sachant que chaque widget à ses propres méthodes et signaux, jespère que vous comprenez désormais lintérêt de cette documentation.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/Gtk-3.0/hierarchy.html">Hierarchy</a></td>
<td>Partie un peu spéciale, car contrairement aux autres, elle ne vous renseigne pas sur lutilité de telle ou telle chose mais sur comment est organisé GTK.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/Gtk-3.0/structs.html">Structures</a></td>
<td>Documente tous les types de données créés par GTK. Nous utiliserons seulement le <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Gtk.TreeIter</code> dans la seconde partie de ce tutoriel.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/Gtk-3.0/flags.html">Flags</a></td>
<td>Les différents drapeaux utilisés par les widgets pour décrire leur état. Je nen ai personnellement jamais utilisé un seul. :-°</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/Gtk-3.0/enums.html">Enums</a></td>
<td>Rassemble les différentes énumérations de GTK. Par exemple, si vous souhaitez centrer un widget, vous allez utiliser <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Gtk.Align.CENTER</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/Gtk-3.0/constants.html">Constants</a></td>
<td>Les constantes de GTK.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://lazka.github.io/pgi-docs/Gtk-3.0/mapping.html">Symbol Mapping</a></td>
<td>Si vous avez vu une fonction appelée en C, utilisez ces tableaux pour savoir comment lappeler avec Python (une recherche sur la page est beaucoup plus efficace que de chercher à la main :p ).</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>Je vais vous détailler le fonctionnement de la partie <em>classes</em>. Tous les widgets sont classés par ordre alphabétique. Je vous laisse trouver la classe <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Gtk.Button</code> qui permet de créer des boutons. Cest bon, vous y êtes ?</p>
<p>Au tout début de la page, vous avez le droit à larbre présentant de quelles classes hérite un bouton. Comme vous pouvez le voir, cest complexe. Les classes en bleu sont des interfaces tandis que celles en gris peuvent être instanciées.</p>
<p><img src="http://zestedesavoir.com/media/galleries/2291/afe7743e-46b1-445b-9f58-6c226614d84a.png.960x960_q85.jpg" alt="Arbre généalogique d'un bouton de GTK+ 3" /></p>
<p>Dessous vous avez un exemple et toutes les <em>subclasses</em> cest à dire les classes qui hérites de <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Gtk.Button</code>. Vous trouvez ensuite une liste complète de toutes les méthodes, cliquez sur une pour voir en détail ce quelle fait, ce quelle prend comme argument, ce quelle retourne.</p>
<p>Viennent ensuite les méthodes virtuelles. Cest grâce à elles que vous allez pouvoir émettre des signaux manuellement (ne vous inquiétez pas si vous ne savez pas de quoi je parle, nous verrons ça dans un prochain chapitre).</p>
<p>Les propriétés du widgets sont en-dessous. Chaque propriété peut être changée soit grâce à une méthode soit manuellement. Par exemple :</p>
<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="n">button</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">set_label</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="s">Je suis le texte dans le bouton : un label quoi</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># sera équivalent à
</span><span class="n">button</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">props</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">label</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="sh">'</span><span class="s">Je suis le texte dans le bouton : un label quoi</span><span class="sh">'</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Code: Changement du texte dun bouton</p>
<p>Je vous conseille cependant de passer par les setteurs/getteurs.</p>
<p>Vous trouverez aussi une section sur les différents signaux que peut émettre un bouton.</p>
<p>Puis vient ensuite la description en profondeur de chaque méthode, chaque constructeur, chaque signal… Comme je vous lai dit, la documentation est super complète et précise, profitez-en !</p>
<h2 id="glade">Glade</h2>
<p><em>Glade est un concepteur dinterface pour GTK+</em></p>
<p>Installation</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo apt-get install glade # debian
sudo pacman -S glade
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>À louverture de Glade devrait apparaître une fenêtre ressemblant un peu à ça :</p>
<p><img src="/images/glade001.png" alt="" width="600" /></p>
<h3 id="création-dun-projet-glade">Création dun projet glade</h3>
<p>Cliquer sur le + , “Crée un nouveau projet”<br />
<img src="/images/glade002.png" alt="" width="600" /></p>
<p>Pour commencer, rendez-vous dans linventaire, dans la section <em>Niveaux supérieurs</em>. Prenez la première icône et faite la glisser dans la vue ou cliquez dessus. Cette icône représente une <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Gtk.Window</code>. <br />
<img src="/images/glade003.png" alt="" width="600" /><br />
Se trouve à côté en italique le nom de la classe correspondante.</p>
<p>Longlet <em>Général</em> ne concerne que le widget sélectionné.<br />
Dans longlet <em>Général</em> , changez <em>Identifiant</em> par <strong>window_main</strong>.<br />
Depuis la section <em>Conteneurs</em> , glisser déposer <em>GtkBox</em></p>
<p>Glisser déposer deux widgets Label <em>GtkLabel</em> depuis la section <em>Affichage</em></p>
<p>Modifiez les ID détiquette et le texte.<br />
Changez lID de la première étiquette en <strong>lbl_hello</strong> et le texte de létiquette en “Bonjour”<br />
Changez lID de la deuxième étiquette en <strong>lbl_count</strong> et le texte en “”</p>
<p>Votre fenêtre principale dans léditeur Glade devrait maintenant ressembler à ce qui suit.<br />
<img src="/images/glade-window-after-adding-labels.png" alt="" width="300" /></p>
<p>Depuis la section <em>Contrôle</em> , ajouter un bouton <em>GtkButton</em> avec alignement au centre<br />
<img src="/images/widgets-in-main-window.png" alt="" width="300" /></p>
<p>Modifier la largeur et le titre de la fenêtre principale <em>window_main</em> (onglet <em>Général</em> du composant <em>GtkWindow</em>)</p>
<p><strong>Connecter le signal du bouton</strong></p>
<p>Sélectionnez le bouton en cliquant dessus (btn_hello). Cliquez sur longlet <em>Signaux</em> dans la fenêtre droite de Glade. Sous <em>GtkButton</em>, trouver “clicked”. Cliquez sur le texte qui se trouve à côté de lintitulé du gestionnaire qui dit <em>Type here</em>. Cliquez de nouveau dessus pour léditer et commencez à taper. Appuyez sur la flèche vers le bas pour sélectionner le nom suggéré par Glade qui doit être <strong>on_btn_hello_clicked</strong>. Appuyez sur Entrée pour sélectionner le texte. Appuyez à nouveau sur la touche Entrée pour régler le texte.<br />
<img src="/images/glade004.png" alt="" width="600" /></p>
<h3 id="le-code-python">Le code python</h3>
<p>Créer un fichier python <strong>glade_test.py</strong> et rentrez-y ce qui suit :</p>
<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">#!/usr/bin/env python3
# coding: utf-8
</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="n">gi.repository</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">when_button_is_clicked</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="sh">'''</span><span class="s">
Quand le bouton est cliqué
</span><span class="sh">'''</span>
<span class="n">label</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">set_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="s">Hello world!</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">builder</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">Builder</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">add_from_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="s">window_main.glade</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">window</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">get_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="s">main_window</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Peut se faire dans Glade mais je préfère le faire ici, à vous de voir
</span><span class="n">window</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">connect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="s">delete-event</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">main_quit</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Le handler
</span><span class="n">handler</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="s">on_clicked</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">when_button_is_clicked</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">connect_signals</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">handler</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">window</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">show_all</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Il nous faut quelque chose capable de lire notre fichier <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">.glade</code>. Le <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Gtk.Builder</code> est là pour ça. Comme son nom lindique, il va nous aider à construire notre interface. On sélectionne notre fichier avec <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Gtk.Builder.add_from_file()</code>.</p>
<p>Ensuite on récupère notre <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Gtk.Window</code> grâce à son identifiant avec la méthode <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Gtk.Builder.get_object()</code>. En la récupérant, on a aussi toutes les options de notre fenêtre, vous navez donc pas à vous occuper de ça ! Ça correspond à faire ça :</p>
<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="n">window</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">Window</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="s">Hello world</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">window</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">set_</span><span class="bp">...</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Vous en conviendrez, cest plus simple avec Glade ! ;)</p>
<p>On passe ensuite aux handlers. Ici jai créé un dictionnaire qui contient en indice le nom du signal et en valeur le callback à appeler quand ce signal est émit. Ici, notre dictionnaire ne contient quun seul handler, mais dans une fenêtre plus complexe, on peut facilement monter à une dizaine de signaux. Il existe un autre moyen de définir ses handlers en passant par une classe. Mais nutilisant jamais ce système, je vous laisse regarder <a href="https://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.org/en/latest/builder.html#connecting-signals">ici pour plus de détail</a>.</p>
<p>Puis on indique au <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Gtk.Builder</code> dutiliser ce dictionnaire avec <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">Gtk.Builder.connect_signals()</code>. Petite précision, certains dentre vous auront peut être remarqué que je ne prend pas de bouton en argument de mon callback. Et cest bien vu. En fait, quand vous passez un argument avec Glade, le bouton nest plus passé en argument automatiquement. Si vous souhaitez passer plus dun seul argument à un callback, il va falloir passer par Python et oublier Glade pour connecter votre widget.</p>
<h3 id="le-code-c">Le code C</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://prognotes.net/gtk-glade-c-programming/">GTK Glade C Programming</a></li>
</ul>
<p>le fichier <strong>makefile</strong> pour une application nommé <strong>apptest</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code># change application name here (executable output name)
TARGET=apptest
# compiler
CC=gcc
# debug
DEBUG=-g
# optimisation
OPT=-O0
# warnings
WARN=-Wall
PTHREAD=-pthread
CCFLAGS=$(DEBUG) $(OPT) $(WARN) $(PTHREAD) -pipe
GTKLIB=`pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-3.0`
# linker
LD=gcc
LDFLAGS=$(PTHREAD) $(GTKLIB) -export-dynamic
OBJS= main.o
all: $(OBJS)
$(LD) -o $(TARGET) $(OBJS) $(LDFLAGS)
main.o: src/main.c
$(CC) -c $(CCFLAGS) src/main.c $(GTKLIB) -o main.o
clean:
rm -f *.o $(TARGET)
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>ATTENTION à la syntaxe</p>
<p><img src="/images/makefile-syntax.png" alt="" width="600" /></p>
<p><strong>Ecrire le code C</strong><br />
Ouvrez le fichier modèle <strong>main.c</strong> pour lédition qui se trouve dans le dossier <strong>src</strong> du projet.</p>
<p>Nous avons besoin dun pointeur vers chacune des étiquettes du projet afin de pouvoir mettre la main sur les étiquettes pour changer leur texte. Dans ce projet simple, deux pointeurs globaux seront définis en haut du fichier C.<br />
Le fichier <strong>main.c</strong></p>
<div class="language-c highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;gtk/gtk.h&gt;</span><span class="cp">
</span>
<span class="n">GtkWidget</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">g_lbl_hello</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">GtkWidget</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">g_lbl_count</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">char</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[])</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">GtkBuilder</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">GtkWidget</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">window</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">gtk_init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">argc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">builder</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">gtk_builder_new</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="n">gtk_builder_add_from_file</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"glade/window_main.glade"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">window</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">GTK_WIDGET</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gtk_builder_get_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"window_main"</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="n">gtk_builder_connect_signals</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">NULL</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">g_lbl_hello</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">GTK_WIDGET</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gtk_builder_get_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"lbl_hello"</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="n">g_lbl_count</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">GTK_WIDGET</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">gtk_builder_get_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"lbl_count"</span><span class="p">));</span>
<span class="n">g_object_unref</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">gtk_widget_show</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">window</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">gtk_main</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">on_btn_hello_clicked</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">unsigned</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="kt">char</span> <span class="n">str_count</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">};</span>
<span class="n">gtk_label_set_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GTK_LABEL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">g_lbl_hello</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="s">"Bonjour le monde!"</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">count</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
<span class="n">sprintf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">str_count</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s">"%d"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">count</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="n">gtk_label_set_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GTK_LABEL</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">g_lbl_count</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">str_count</span><span class="p">);</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="c1">// called when window is closed</span>
<span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">on_window_main_destroy</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="p">{</span>
<span class="n">gtk_main_quit</span><span class="p">();</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>Construire et exécuter le projet</strong></p>
<p>Ouvrez le répertoire du modèle dans une fenêtre de terminal et construisez le projet</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>make
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Le projet peut être exécuté en double-cliquant sur licône Bonjour après avoir navigué dans le dossier du projet à laide dun gestionnaire de fichiers ou à partir de la fenêtre du terminal en entrant :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>./apptest
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>La fenêtre Packing devrait souvrir.<br />
<img src="/images/glade005.png" alt="" width="100" /><br />
En cliquant sur le bouton Hello, le texte “Bonjour le monde !” devrait safficher dans la première étiquette et incrémenter le comptage dans la deuxième étiquette.<br />
<img src="/images/glade006.png" alt="" width="100" /></p>
<h2 id="exemples-glade-python-c-gtk3">Exemples Glade Python C GTK3</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html">The Python GTK+ 3 Tutorial</a></li>
<li><a href="http://gnipsel.com/glade/">Glade3 Gtk Python Tutorial</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="ajouter-des-données-et-retourner-la-ligne-sélectionnée-à-partir-dune-combobox">Ajouter des données et retourner la ligne sélectionnée à partir dune ComboBox</h3>
<p>Le fichier <strong>glade/window_combo.glade</strong></p>
<div class="language-xml highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="cp">&lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;</span>
<span class="c">&lt;!-- Generated with glade 3.22.1 --&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;interface&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;requires</span> <span class="na">lib=</span><span class="s">"gtk+"</span> <span class="na">version=</span><span class="s">"3.20"</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;object</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"GtkWindow"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"window1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"can_focus"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>False<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"title"</span> <span class="na">translatable=</span><span class="s">"yes"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>Test combo<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"default_width"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>250<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"default_height"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>100<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;signal</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"destroy"</span> <span class="na">handler=</span><span class="s">"on_window1_destroy"</span> <span class="na">swapped=</span><span class="s">"no"</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;child&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;placeholder/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/child&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;child&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;object</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"GtkBox"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"label1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"visible"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>True<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"can_focus"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>False<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"orientation"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>vertical<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;child&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;object</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"GtkComboBox"</span> <span class="na">id=</span><span class="s">"combobox1"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"visible"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>True<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"can_focus"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>False<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;signal</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"changed"</span> <span class="na">handler=</span><span class="s">"on_combobox1_changed"</span> <span class="na">swapped=</span><span class="s">"no"</span><span class="nt">/&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/object&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;packing&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"expand"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>False<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"fill"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>True<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"position"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>0<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/packing&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/child&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;child&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;object</span> <span class="na">class=</span><span class="s">"GtkLabel"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"visible"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>True<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"can_focus"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>False<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"label"</span> <span class="na">translatable=</span><span class="s">"yes"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>label<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/object&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;packing&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"expand"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>False<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"fill"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>True<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;property</span> <span class="na">name=</span><span class="s">"position"</span><span class="nt">&gt;</span>1<span class="nt">&lt;/property&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/packing&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/child&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/object&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/child&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/object&gt;</span>
<span class="nt">&lt;/interface&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Le programme python <strong>window_combo.py</strong></p>
<div class="language-python highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c1">#!/usr/bin/env python3
</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">gi</span>
<span class="n">gi</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">require_version</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="s">Gtk</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sh">'</span><span class="s">3.0</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="n">gi.repository</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span>
<span class="kn">from</span> <span class="n">gi.repository</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Gio</span>
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">sys</span>
<span class="k">class</span> <span class="nc">Buglump</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">builder</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">Builder</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">add_from_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="s">glade/window_combo.glade</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">connect_signals</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># the liststore
</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">liststore</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">ListStore</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nb">str</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">liststore</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">append</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="s">Select an Item:</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">liststore</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">append</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="s">Row 1</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">liststore</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">append</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="s">Row 2</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">liststore</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">append</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="s">Row 3</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">liststore</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">append</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="s">Row 4</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">liststore</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">append</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="s">Row 5</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="c1"># the combobox
</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">combobox</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">get_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="s">combobox1</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">combobox</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">set_model</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">liststore</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cell</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nc">CellRendererText</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">combobox</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">pack_start</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cell</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">combobox</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">add_attribute</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">cell</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sh">'</span><span class="s">text</span><span class="sh">'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">combobox</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">set_active</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">window</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">get_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="s">window1</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">window</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">show</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">on_combobox1_changed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">widget</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">index</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">widget</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">get_active</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">model</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">widget</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">get_model</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">item</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">model</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1">#print "ComboBox Active Text is", self.item
</span> <span class="c1">#print "ComboBox Active Index is", self.index
</span> <span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">builder</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">get_object</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="s">label1</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nf">set_text</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">item</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">on_window1_destroy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">data</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="c1">#print "quit with cancel"
</span> <span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">main_quit</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="sh">"</span><span class="s">__main__</span><span class="sh">"</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">main</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nc">Buglump</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">Gtk</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Rendre exécutable le programme</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>chmod +x window_combo.py
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Exécuter</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>./windo_combo.py
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><img src="/images/glade007.png" alt="" width="200" /> <br />
Suivant la sélection affiche “Row 1”, “Row 2”,… <br />
<img src="/images/glade008.png" alt="" width="200" /></p>
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<script>/*!
* Simple-Jekyll-Search
* Copyright 2015-2020, Christian Fei
* Licensed under the MIT License.
*/
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'use strict'
var _$Templater_7 = {
compile: compile,
setOptions: setOptions
}
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options.pattern = /\{(.*?)\}/g
options.template = ''
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'use strict';
function fuzzysearch (needle, haystack) {
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crit = crit.trim().toLowerCase()
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return str.indexOf(word) >= 0
}).length === crit.split(' ').length
}
}
'use strict'
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put: put,
clear: clear,
search: search,
setOptions: __setOptions_4
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/* removed: const _$LiteralSearchStrategy_6 = require('./SearchStrategies/LiteralSearchStrategy') */;
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opt.limit = 10
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load: load
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'use strict'
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merge: merge,
isJSON: isJSON
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'use strict'
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searchInput: null,
resultsContainer: null,
json: [],
success: Function.prototype,
searchResultTemplate: '<li><a href="{url}" title="{desc}">{title}</a></li>',
templateMiddleware: Function.prototype,
sortMiddleware: function () {
return 0
},
noResultsText: 'No results found',
limit: 10,
fuzzy: false,
debounceTime: null,
exclude: []
}
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/* removed: const _$Repository_4 = require('./Repository') */;
/* removed: const _$JSONLoader_2 = require('./JSONLoader') */;
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required: requiredOptions
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throwError('You must specify the following required options: ' + requiredOptions)
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options = _$utils_9.merge(options, _options)
_$Templater_7.setOptions({
template: options.searchResultTemplate,
middleware: options.templateMiddleware
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fuzzy: options.fuzzy,
limit: options.limit,
sort: options.sortMiddleware,
exclude: options.exclude
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search: search
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_$Repository_4.put(json)
registerInput()
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debounce(function () { search(e.target.value) }, options.debounceTime)
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render(_$Repository_4.search(query), query)
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return [13, 16, 20, 37, 38, 39, 40, 91].indexOf(key) === -1
}
function throwError (message) {
throw new Error('SimpleJekyllSearch --- ' + message)
}
})(window)
}());
</script>
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<script>
SimpleJekyllSearch({
searchInput: document.getElementById('search-input'),
resultsContainer: document.getElementById('results-container'),
noResultsText: '<p>Aucun résultat!</p>',
json: '/search.json',
searchResultTemplate: '<li><a href="{url}">{date}&nbsp;{title}</a>&nbsp;(Création {create})</li>'
})
</script>
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toc && toc.setOptions({
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var affix;
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affix && affix.setOptions({
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}, 100));
window.pageAsideAffix = affix;
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