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yannstatic/static/2020/03/10/GRUB-files-and-scripts-for-create-usb-pendrive-capable-of-booting-different-ISO-files(multiboot).html

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<meta name="description" content="Un lecteur USB multiboot permettant de démarrer plusieurs fichiers ISO Archlinux, Debian, Manjaro, PartedMagic, Tails, etc…">
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<article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="article__header"><header><h1 style="color:Tomato;">MULTIBOOT USB 32Go (EFI+GPT et BIOS+GPT/MBR)</h1></header></div><meta itemprop="headline" content="MULTIBOOT USB 32Go (EFI+GPT et BIOS+GPT/MBR)"><div class="article__info clearfix"><ul class="left-col menu"><li>
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<a class="button button--secondary button--pill button--sm" style="color:#00FFFF" href="/archive.html?tag=outils">outils</a>
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</li></ul><ul class="right-col menu"><li>
<i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i>&nbsp;<span title="Création" style="color:#FF00FF">10&nbsp;mars&nbsp;&nbsp;2020</span>
<span title="Modification" style="color:#00FF7F">19&nbsp;janv.&nbsp;2023</span></li></ul></div><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2023-01-19T00:00:00+01:00">
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<summary><b>Afficher/cacher Sommaire</b></summary>
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</details><p><em>Un lecteur USB multiboot permettant de démarrer plusieurs fichiers ISO Archlinux, Debian, Manjaro, PartedMagic, Tails, etc…</em></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#création-usb-multiboot-par-script">Création USB multiboot par script</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#le-script">Le script</a></li>
<li><a href="#utilisation-du-script">Utilisation du script</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#création-usb-multiboot-manuelle">Création USB multiboot “manuelle”</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#clé-usb-universelle-bootable-mbr-et-uefi">Clé USB universelle bootable MBR et UEFI</a></li>
<li><a href="#systèmes-de-fichier-montage-grub">Systèmes de fichier ,montage ,grub</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#ajout-des-distributions-sur-le-lecteur-usb">Ajout des distributions sur le lecteur USB</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#manjaro">Manjaro</a></li>
<li><a href="#kali">Kali</a></li>
<li><a href="#partition-magic">Partition magic</a></li>
<li><a href="#debian">Debian</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#démarrez-un-iso-avec-memdisk-facultatif">Démarrez un ISO avec MEMDISK (facultatif)</a></li>
<li><a href="#test-périphérique-usb-avec-qemu">Test périphérique USB avec QEMU</a></li>
<li><a href="#annexe">Annexe</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#obtenir-des-fichiers-amorçables-iso">Obtenir des fichiers amorçables ISO</a></li>
<li><a href="#liens">Liens</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="création-usb-multiboot-par-script">Création USB multiboot par script</h2>
<h3 id="le-script">Le script</h3>
<p><em>Copie du script git https://github.com/aguslr/multibootusb</em></p>
<p>Script shell <strong>makeUSB.sh</strong></p>
<details>
<summary>(Afficher/Cacher) <b>makeUSB.sh</b></summary>
<figure class="highlight"><pre><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">
<span class="c">#!/bin/sh</span>
<span class="c"># Description : Script pour préparer une clé USB multiboot</span>
<span class="c"># Afficher le numéro de ligne lors de l'exécution par bash -x makeUSB.sh</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$BASH</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="nb">export </span><span class="nv">PS4</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">' +\t $BASH_SOURCE:$LINENO: ${FUNCNAME[0]:+${FUNCNAME[0]}():}'</span>
<span class="c"># Exit if there is an unbound variable or an error</span>
<span class="nb">set</span> <span class="nt">-o</span> nounset
<span class="nb">set</span> <span class="nt">-o</span> errexit
<span class="c"># Valeurs par défaut</span>
<span class="nv">scriptname</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">$(</span><span class="nb">basename</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$0</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">)</span>
<span class="nv">hybrid</span><span class="o">=</span>0
<span class="nv">clone</span><span class="o">=</span>0
<span class="nv">eficonfig</span><span class="o">=</span>0
<span class="nv">interactive</span><span class="o">=</span>0
<span class="nv">data_part</span><span class="o">=</span>2
<span class="nv">data_fmt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"vfat"</span>
<span class="nv">data_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">""</span>
<span class="nv">efi_mnt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">""</span>
<span class="nv">data_mnt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">""</span>
<span class="nv">data_subdir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"boot"</span>
<span class="nv">repo_dir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">""</span>
<span class="nv">tmp_dir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">TMPDIR</span><span class="p">-/tmp</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="c"># Afficher l'utilisation</span>
<span class="c"># -c, --clone Clone le dépôt Git sur le périphérique</span>
showUsage<span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="nb">cat</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;-</span> <span class="no">EOF</span><span class="sh">
Script to prepare multiboot USB drive
Usage: </span><span class="nv">$scriptname</span><span class="sh"> [options] device [fs-type] [data-size]
device Dispositif à modifier (par exemple /dev/sdb)
fs-type Type de système de fichiers pour la partition de données [ext3|ext4|vfat|ntfs].
data-size Taille de la partition de données (par exemple, 5G)
-b, --hybrid Créer un MBR hybride
-e, --efi Activer la compatibilité EFI
-i, --interactive Lance gdisk pour créer un MBR hybride
-h, --help Affiche ce message
-s, --subdirectory &lt;NAME&gt; Spécifier un sous-répertoire de données (par défaut : "boot")
Exemple : </span><span class="nv">$scriptname</span><span class="sh"> -b -e /dev/sde
</span><span class="no"> EOF
</span><span class="o">}</span>
<span class="c"># Nettoyer en quittant</span>
cleanUp<span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
<span class="c"># Changement de propriétaire des fichiers</span>
<span class="o">{</span> <span class="o">[</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$data_mnt</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="nb">chown</span> <span class="nt">-R</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$normal_user</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_mnt</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>/<span class="k">*</span> 2&gt;/dev/null<span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">}</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="o">||</span> <span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c"># Démontez tout</span>
umount <span class="nt">-f</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$efi_mnt</span><span class="s2">"</span> 2&gt;/dev/null <span class="o">||</span> <span class="nb">true
</span>umount <span class="nt">-f</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$data_mnt</span><span class="s2">"</span> 2&gt;/dev/null <span class="o">||</span> <span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c"># Suppression des points de montage</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="nt">-d</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$efi_mnt</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nb">rmdir</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$efi_mnt</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="nt">-d</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$data_mnt</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nb">rmdir</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$data_mnt</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="nt">-d</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$repo_dir</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nb">rmdir</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$repo_dir</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="c"># Exit</span>
<span class="nb">exit</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">1</span><span class="p">-0</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="c"># # Vérifiez que le lecteur USB n'est pas monté</span>
unmountUSB<span class="o">()</span> <span class="o">{</span>
umount <span class="nt">-f</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">1</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">*</span> 2&gt;/dev/null <span class="o">||</span> <span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="o">}</span>
<span class="c"># Trappe les signaux kill (SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGTERM) pour effectuer un nettoyage et quitter la machine</span>
<span class="nb">trap</span> <span class="s1">'cleanUp'</span> 1 2 15
<span class="c"># Afficher l'aide avant de vérifier la présence de root</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="s2">"$#"</span> <span class="nt">-eq</span> 0 <span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> showUsage <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nb">exit </span>0
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$1</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="k">in</span>
<span class="nt">-h</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nt">--help</span><span class="p">)</span>
showUsage
<span class="nb">exit </span>0
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="k">esac</span>
<span class="c"># Vérifier la présence de root</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="si">$(</span><span class="nb">id</span> <span class="nt">-u</span><span class="si">)</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">-ne</span> 0 <span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then
</span><span class="nb">printf</span> <span class="s1">'Ce script doit être exécuté en tant que root. Utilisation de sudo...\n'</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$scriptname</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span>&amp;2
<span class="nb">exec sudo</span> <span class="nt">-k</span> <span class="nt">--</span> /bin/sh <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$0</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$@</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 2
<span class="k">fi</span>
<span class="c"># Récupérer l'utilisateur original</span>
<span class="nv">normal_user</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">SUDO_USER</span><span class="p">-</span><span class="si">$(</span><span class="nb">who</span> <span class="nt">-m</span> | <span class="nb">awk</span> <span class="s1">'{print $1}'</span><span class="si">)</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="c"># Vérifier les arguments</span>
<span class="k">while</span> <span class="o">[</span> <span class="s2">"$#"</span> <span class="nt">-gt</span> 0 <span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">do
case</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$1</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="k">in</span>
<span class="nt">-b</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nt">--hybrid</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nv">hybrid</span><span class="o">=</span>1
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="nt">-c</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nt">--clone</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nv">clone</span><span class="o">=</span>1
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="nt">-e</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nt">--efi</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nv">eficonfig</span><span class="o">=</span>1
<span class="nv">data_part</span><span class="o">=</span>3
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="nt">-i</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nt">--interactive</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nv">interactive</span><span class="o">=</span>1
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="nt">-s</span><span class="p">|</span><span class="nt">--subdirectory</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">shift</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="nv">data_subdir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$1</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="p">;;</span>
/dev/<span class="k">*</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[</span> <span class="nt">-b</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$1</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then
</span><span class="nv">usb_dev</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$1</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="k">else
</span><span class="nb">printf</span> <span class="s1">'%s: %s périphérique non valide.\n'</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$scriptname</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$1</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span>&amp;2
cleanUp 1
<span class="k">fi</span>
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="o">[</span>a-z]<span class="k">*</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nv">data_fmt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$1</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="o">[</span>0-9]<span class="k">*</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nv">data_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$1</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="k">*</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">printf</span> <span class="s1">'%s: %s argument non valide.\n'</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$scriptname</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$1</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span>&amp;2
cleanUp 1
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="k">esac</span>
<span class="nb">shift
</span><span class="k">done</span>
<span class="c"># Vérifier les arguments requis</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[</span> <span class="o">!</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then
</span><span class="nb">printf</span> <span class="s1">'%s: Aucun périphérique fourni.\n'</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$scriptname</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span>&amp;2
showUsage
cleanUp 1
<span class="k">fi</span>
<span class="c"># Vérifier le binaire d'installation de GRUB</span>
<span class="nv">grub_cmd</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">$(</span><span class="nb">command</span> <span class="nt">-v</span> grub2-install<span class="si">)</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="o">||</span> <span class="nv">grub_cmd</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">$(</span><span class="nb">command</span> <span class="nt">-v</span> grub-install<span class="si">)</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 3
<span class="c"># Démonter le périphérique</span>
unmountUSB <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="c"># Confirmez le périphérique</span>
<span class="nb">printf</span> <span class="s1">'Etes-vous sûr de vouloir utiliser %s? [y/N] '</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="nb">read</span> <span class="nt">-r</span> answer1
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$answer1</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="k">in</span>
<span class="o">[</span>yY][eE][sS]|[yY]<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">printf</span> <span class="s1">'CELA SUPPRIMERA TOUTES LES DONNÉES. Vous êtes sûr ? [y/N] '</span>
<span class="nb">read</span> <span class="nt">-r</span> answer2
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="nv">$answer2</span> <span class="k">in</span>
<span class="o">[</span>yY][eE][sS]|[yY]<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="k">*</span><span class="p">)</span>
cleanUp 3
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="k">esac</span>
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="k">*</span><span class="p">)</span>
cleanUp 3
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="k">esac</span>
<span class="c"># Imprimer toutes les étapes</span>
<span class="nb">set</span> <span class="nt">-o</span> verbose
<span class="c"># Suppression des partitions</span>
sgdisk <span class="nt">--zap-all</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="c"># Créer une table de partition GUID</span>
sgdisk <span class="nt">--mbrtogpt</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="c"># Créer une partition de démarrage BIOS (1M)</span>
sgdisk <span class="nt">--new</span> 1::+1M <span class="nt">--typecode</span> 1:ef02 <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="nt">--change-name</span> 1:<span class="s2">"BIOS boot partition"</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="c"># Créer une partition système EFI (50M)</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$eficonfig</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">-eq</span> 1 <span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="o">{</span> sgdisk <span class="nt">--new</span> 2::+50M <span class="nt">--typecode</span> 2:ef00 <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="nt">--change-name</span> 2:<span class="s2">"EFI System"</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10<span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">}</span>
<span class="c"># Définir la taille de la partition de données</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="nt">-z</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$data_size</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="nv">data_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"+</span><span class="nv">$data_size</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="c"># Définit les informations de la partition de données</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$data_fmt</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="k">in
</span>ext2|ext3|ext4<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nv">type_code</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"8300"</span>
<span class="nv">part_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Linux filesystem"</span>
<span class="p">;;</span>
msdos|fat|vfat|ntfs<span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nv">type_code</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"0700"</span>
<span class="nv">part_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"Microsoft basic data"</span>
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="k">*</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nb">printf</span> <span class="s1">'%s: %s est un type de système de fichiers invalide.\n'</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$scriptname</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$data_fmt</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span>&amp;2
showUsage
cleanUp 1
<span class="p">;;</span>
<span class="k">esac</span>
<span class="c"># Créer une partition de données</span>
sgdisk <span class="nt">--new</span> <span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_part</span><span class="k">}</span>::<span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_size</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>: <span class="nt">--typecode</span> <span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_part</span><span class="k">}</span>:<span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$type_code</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="nt">--change-name</span> <span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_part</span><span class="k">}</span>:<span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$part_name</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="c"># Démonter le périphérique</span>
unmountUSB <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="c"># Configuration interactive ?</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$interactive</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">-eq</span> 1 <span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then</span>
<span class="c"># Créer manuellement un MBR hybride</span>
<span class="c"># https://bit.ly/2z7HBrP</span>
gdisk <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="k">elif</span> <span class="o">[</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$hybrid</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">-eq</span> 1 <span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then</span>
<span class="c"># Créer un MBR hybride</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$eficonfig</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">-eq</span> 1 <span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then
</span>sgdisk <span class="nt">--hybrid</span> 1:2:3 <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="k">else
</span>sgdisk <span class="nt">--hybrid</span> 1:2 <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="k">fi
fi</span>
<span class="c"># Définir l'indicateur de démarrage pour la partition de données</span>
sgdisk <span class="nt">--attributes</span> <span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_part</span><span class="k">}</span>:set:2 <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="c"># Démonter le périphérique</span>
unmountUSB <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="c"># Effacer la partition de démarrage du BIOS</span>
wipefs <span class="nt">-af</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">usb_dev</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">1"</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c"># Formatage de la partition système EFI</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$eficonfig</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">-eq</span> 1 <span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then
</span>wipefs <span class="nt">-af</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">usb_dev</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">2"</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="nb">true
</span>mkfs.vfat <span class="nt">-v</span> <span class="nt">-F</span> 32 <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">usb_dev</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">2"</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="k">fi</span>
<span class="c"># Effacer la partition de données</span>
wipefs <span class="nt">-af</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">usb_dev</span><span class="k">}${</span><span class="nv">data_part</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">||</span> <span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c"># Formatage de la partition de données</span>
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="o">[</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$data_fmt</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"ntfs"</span> <span class="o">]</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="k">then</span>
<span class="c"># Utiliser le format rapide mkntfs</span>
mkfs <span class="nt">-t</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$data_fmt</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">-f</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">usb_dev</span><span class="k">}${</span><span class="nv">data_part</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="k">else
</span>mkfs <span class="nt">-t</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$data_fmt</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">usb_dev</span><span class="k">}${</span><span class="nv">data_part</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="k">fi</span>
<span class="c"># Démonter le périphérique</span>
unmountUSB <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="c"># Créer des répertoires temporaires</span>
<span class="nv">efi_mnt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">$(</span><span class="nb">mktemp</span> <span class="nt">-p</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$tmp_dir</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">-d</span> efi.XXXX<span class="si">)</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="nv">data_mnt</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">$(</span><span class="nb">mktemp</span> <span class="nt">-p</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$tmp_dir</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">-d</span> data.XXXX<span class="si">)</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="nv">repo_dir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">$(</span><span class="nb">mktemp</span> <span class="nt">-p</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$tmp_dir</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">-d</span> repo.XXXX<span class="si">)</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="c"># Monter la partition système EFI</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$eficonfig</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">-eq</span> 1 <span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="o">{</span> mount <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">usb_dev</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">2"</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$efi_mnt</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10<span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">}</span>
<span class="c"># Monter la partition de données</span>
mount <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">usb_dev</span><span class="k">}${</span><span class="nv">data_part</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$data_mnt</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="c"># Installer GRUB pour EFI</span>
<span class="o">[</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$eficonfig</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">-eq</span> 1 <span class="o">]</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="o">{</span> <span class="nv">$grub_cmd</span> <span class="nt">--target</span><span class="o">=</span>x86_64-efi <span class="nt">--efi-directory</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$efi_mnt</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="nt">--boot-directory</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_mnt</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">/</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_subdir</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">--removable</span> <span class="nt">--recheck</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10<span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">}</span>
<span class="c"># Installer GRUB pour BIOS</span>
<span class="nv">$grub_cmd</span> <span class="nt">--force</span> <span class="nt">--target</span><span class="o">=</span>i386-pc <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="nt">--boot-directory</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_mnt</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">/</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_subdir</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">--recheck</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$usb_dev</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="c"># Installer GRUB de secours</span>
<span class="nv">$grub_cmd</span> <span class="nt">--force</span> <span class="nt">--target</span><span class="o">=</span>i386-pc <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="nt">--boot-directory</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_mnt</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">/</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_subdir</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="nt">--recheck</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">usb_dev</span><span class="k">}${</span><span class="nv">data_part</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="o">||</span> <span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="c"># Créer les répertoires nécessaires</span>
<span class="nb">mkdir</span> <span class="nt">-p</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_mnt</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">/</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_subdir</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">/isos"</span> <span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="c">#if [ "$clone" -eq 1 ]; then</span>
<span class="c"># Cloner le dépôt Git</span>
<span class="c"># (cd "$repo_dir" &amp;&amp; \</span>
<span class="c"># git clone https://github.com/aguslr/multibootusb . &amp;&amp; \</span>
<span class="c"># # Déplacer tous les fichiers et dossiers visibles et cachés, sauf '.' et '...'.</span>
<span class="c"># for x in * .[!.]* ..?*; do if [ -e "$x" ]; then mv -- "$x" \</span>
<span class="c"># "${data_mnt}/${data_subdir}"/grub*/; fi; done) \</span>
<span class="c"># || cleanUp 10</span>
<span class="c">#else</span>
<span class="c"># Copier les fichiers</span>
<span class="nb">cp</span> <span class="nt">-R</span> ./boot/grub/mbusb.<span class="k">*</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_mnt</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">/</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_subdir</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>/grub<span class="k">*</span>/ <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="c"># Copier la configuration GRUB</span>
<span class="nb">cp</span> ./boot/grub/grub.cfg <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_mnt</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">/</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_subdir</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>/grub<span class="k">*</span>/ <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="c"># Copier les thèmes GRUB</span>
<span class="nb">cp</span> <span class="nt">-R</span> ./boot/grub/themes/<span class="k">*</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_mnt</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">/</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_subdir</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>/grub/themes/ <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="c">#fi</span>
<span class="c"># Renommer la configuration d'exemple</span>
<span class="c">#( cd "${data_mnt}/${data_subdir}"/grub*/ &amp;&amp; cp grub.cfg.example grub.cfg ) \</span>
<span class="c"># || cleanUp 10</span>
<span class="c"># Télécharger memdisk</span>
<span class="nv">syslinux_url</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/syslinux-6.03.tar.gz'</span>
<span class="o">{</span> wget <span class="nt">-qO</span> - <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$syslinux_url</span><span class="s2">"</span> 2&gt;/dev/null <span class="o">||</span> curl <span class="nt">-sL</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="nv">$syslinux_url</span><span class="s2">"</span> 2&gt;/dev/null<span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">}</span> <span class="se">\</span>
| <span class="nb">tar</span> <span class="nt">-xz</span> <span class="nt">-C</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_mnt</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">/</span><span class="k">${</span><span class="nv">data_subdir</span><span class="k">}</span><span class="s2">"</span>/grub<span class="k">*</span>/ <span class="nt">--no-same-owner</span> <span class="nt">--strip-components</span> 3 <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="s1">'syslinux-6.03/bios/memdisk/memdisk'</span> <span class="se">\</span>
<span class="o">||</span> cleanUp 10
<span class="c"># Nettoyer et quitter</span>
cleanUp
<span class="nb">exit </span>0</code></pre></figure>
</details>
<p>Le rendre exécutable</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>chmo +x makeUSB.sh
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="utilisation-du-script">Utilisation du script</h3>
<p>Il suffit de l’exécuter en tant que root:</p>
<div class="language-sh highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>./makeUSB.sh <span class="nt">-b</span> <span class="nt">-e</span> &lt;device&gt;
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>-b</strong> pour créer un hybride MBR et <strong>-e</strong> pour la compatibilité UEFI<br />
Où <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">&lt;device&gt;</code> est le nom du périphérique USB (par exemple <em>/dev/sd</em>). <br />
Exécutez <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">mount</code> pour obtenir cette information.
Autre possibilité , juste après avoir inséré la clé USB , exécuter <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">dmesg</code> dans une fenêtre terminal :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>[ 2541.013465] sd 4:0:0:0: [sde] Attached SCSI removable disk
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Dans notre exemple la clé est sous <strong>/dev/sdd</strong></p>
<p>** AVERTISSEMENT **: Cela efface toutes les données du périphérique, alors assurez-vous de choisir le bon.</p>
<h2 id="création-usb-multiboot-manuelle">Création USB multiboot “manuelle”</h2>
<h3 id="clé-usb-universelle-bootable-mbr-et-uefi">Clé USB universelle bootable MBR et UEFI</h3>
<p><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Multiboot_USB_drive#Hybrid_UEFI_GPT_.2B_BIOS_GPT.2FMBR_boot">Hybrid UEFI GPT + BIOS GPT/MBR boot(archlinux wiki)</a></p>
<p>Cette configuration est utile pour créer une clé USB universelle, bootable partout. Tout d’abord, vous devez créer une table de partitions GPT sur votre périphérique. Vous avez besoin d’au moins 3 partitions:</p>
<ul>
<li>Une partition d’amorçage BIOS (type EF02) qui doit doit avoir une taille de 1 Mo</li>
<li>Une partition système EFI (type EF00 avec un système de fichiers FAT32) au minimum 50 Mo</li>
<li>Votre partition de données (utilisez un système de fichiers pris en charge par GRUB) peut prendre le reste de l’espace de votre lecteur</li>
</ul>
<p>Ensuite, vous devez créer une table de partition hybride MBR, car définir l’indicateur de démarrage sur la partition de protection MBR peut ne pas être suffisant.</p>
<p>Mode su</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo -s
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Identifier la clé USB par dmesg (exemple /dev/sdd</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>dmesg
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> [25430.573773] sd 4:0:0:0: [sdd] Attached SCSI removable disk
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>La clé est sur /dev/sdd</p>
<p>On va initialiser la clé USB</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>gdisk /dev/sdd
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.4
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Command (? for help): x
Expert command (? for help): z
About to wipe out GPT on /dev/sdd. Proceed? (Y/N): Y
GPT data structures destroyed! You may now partition the disk using fdisk or
other utilities.
Blank out MBR? (Y/N): Y
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Lancer gdisk pour préparer la clé USB</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>gdisk /dev/sdd
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.1
Partition table scan:
MBR: not present
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: not present
Creating new GPT entries.
Command (? for help): o
This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.
Proceed? (Y/N): Y
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1):
First sector (34-30282974, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (2048-30282974, default = 30282974) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +1M
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): EF02
Changed type of partition to 'BIOS boot partition'
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (2-128, default 2):
First sector (34-30282974, default = 4096) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (4096-30282974, default = 30282974) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +50M
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): EF00
Changed type of partition to 'EFI System'
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (3-128, default 3):
First sector (34-30282974, default = 106496) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (106496-30282974, default = 30282974) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 0700
Changed type of partition to 'Microsoft basic data'
Command (? for help): r
Recovery/transformation command (? for help): h # h --&gt; make hybrid MBR
WARNING! Hybrid MBRs are flaky and dangerous! If you decide not to use one,
just hit the Enter key at the below prompt and your MBR partition table will
be untouched.
Type from one to three GPT partition numbers, separated by spaces, to be
added to the hybrid MBR, in sequence: 1 2 3
Place EFI GPT (0xEE) partition first in MBR (good for GRUB)? (Y/N): N
Creating entry for GPT partition #1 (MBR partition #1)
Enter an MBR hex code (default EF):
Set the bootable flag? (Y/N): N
Creating entry for GPT partition #2 (MBR partition #2)
Enter an MBR hex code (default EF):
Set the bootable flag? (Y/N): N
Creating entry for GPT partition #3 (MBR partition #3)
Enter an MBR hex code (default 07):
Set the bootable flag? (Y/N): Y
Recovery/transformation command (? for help): x # x --&gt; extra functionality (experts only)
Expert command (? for help): h # h --&gt; recompute CHS values in protective/hybrid MBR
Expert command (? for help): w
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdd.
The operation has completed successfully.
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Structure de la clé USB</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sdd 8:48 1 29,3G 0 disk
├─sdd1 8:49 1 1M 0 part
├─sdd2 8:50 1 50M 0 part
└─sdd3 8:51 1 29,2G 0 part
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="systèmes-de-fichier-montage-grub">Systèmes de fichier ,montage ,grub</h3>
<p><strong>Systèmes de fichier</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>pacman -S dosfstools # pour les systèmes de fichier vfat
mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdd2 # FAT32 pour EFI
mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sdd3 # FAT32 partition principale
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Tout d’abord, vous devez monter la partition EFI System (Ex: /mnt/multiboot/efi) et la partition de données (Ex: /mnt/multiboot/data) de votre clé USB (EX: /dev/sdd).</p>
<p><strong>montage</strong></p>
<div class="language-shell highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">mkdir</span> <span class="nt">-p</span> /mnt/multiboot/efi
mount /dev/sdd3 /mnt/multiboot
mount /dev/sdd2 /mnt/multiboot/efi
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><strong>grub</strong><br />
Vous pouvez maintenant installer GRUB pour prendre en charge EFI + GPT et BIOS + GPT/MBR. La configuration GRUB (–boot-directory) peut être conservée au même endroit.</p>
<p>Installation GRUB pour EFI</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/mnt/multiboot/efi --boot-directory=/mnt/multiboot/boot --removable --recheck /dev/sdd
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Installation GRUB pour BIOS</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>grub-install --target=i386-pc --boot-directory=/mnt/multiboot/boot --recheck /dev/sdd
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>La partition de données est montée sur <strong>/mnt/multiboot</strong> et le dossier multiboot <strong>iso/multibootusb/</strong> <br />
Copiez les fichiers GRUB nécessaires:</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code># répertoire nommé *isos* pour les fichiers ISO
mkdir -p /mnt/multiboot/boot/isos
#mkdir -p /mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/grub.d
# Copie des fichiers GRUB
cp -rf iso/multibootusb/boot/grub/mbusb.d /mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/
cp iso/multibootusb/boot/grub/grub.cfg /mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/
# Le fichier commun à toutes les distributions
cp iso/multibootusb/boot/grub/mbusb.cfg /mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/
# les thèmes
cp -rf iso/multibootusb/boot/grub/themes /mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/
# splash.png
cp iso/multibootusb/boot/grub/splash.png /mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Le fichier <strong>/mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/grub.cfg</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code># Config for GNU GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB)
insmod font
if loadfont unicode ; then
if keystatus --shift ; then true ; else
if [ x"${grub_platform}" = xefi ]; then
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod videotest
insmod videoinfo
else
insmod vbe
insmod vga
fi
insmod gfxterm
insmod gfxmenu
set gfxmode=auto
set gfxpayload=auto
terminal_output gfxterm
if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else
terminal gfxterm
fi
fi
fi
# Timeout for menu
# set timeout=30
insmod png
set theme=${prefix}/themes/Virtualfuture/theme.txt
# Load MBUSB configuration
# Partition holding files
probe -u $root --set=rootuuid
set imgdevpath="/dev/disk/by-uuid/$rootuuid"
export imgdevpath rootuuid
# Custom variables
set isopath="/boot/isos"
export isopath
export theme
# Load modules
insmod regexp
insmod all_video
# MultiBoot USB menu
# Warning for 32-bit systems
if ! cpuid -l; then
clear
echo "This is a 32-bit computer."
echo "You won't get to use 64-bit software on it."
echo
echo -n "To continue, press ESC or wait 10 seconds... "
sleep --interruptible 10
echo
echo
fi
# Load custom configuration
if [ -e "$prefix/mbusb.cfg.local" ]; then
source "$prefix/mbusb.cfg.local"
fi
# Load configuration files
echo -n "Loading configuration files... "
for cfgfile in $prefix/mbusb.d/*.d/*.cfg; do
source "$cfgfile"
done
# Grub options
submenu "GRUB2 options -&gt;" {
menuentry "List devices/partitions" {
ls -l
sleep --interruptible 9999
}
menuentry "Enable GRUB2's LVM support" {
insmod lvm
}
menuentry "Enable GRUB2's RAID support" {
insmod dm_nv
insmod mdraid09_be
insmod mdraid09
insmod mdraid1x
insmod raid5rec
insmod raid6rec
}
menuentry "Enable GRUB2's PATA support (to work around BIOS bugs/limitations)" {
insmod ata
update_paths
}
menuentry "Enable GRUB2's USB support *experimental*" {
insmod ohci
insmod uhci
insmod usbms
update_paths
}
menuentry "Mount encrypted volumes (LUKS and geli)" {
insmod luks
insmod geli
cryptomount -a
}
menuentry "Enable serial terminal" {
serial
terminal_input --append serial
terminal_output --append serial
}
}
# Reboot
menuentry "Reboot" {
reboot
}
# Poweroff
menuentry "Poweroff" {
halt
}
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="ajout-des-distributions-sur-le-lecteur-usb">Ajout des distributions sur le lecteur USB</h2>
<p>Le fichier commun tous les OS <strong>mbusb.cfg</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>/mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/mbusb.cfg
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code># Partition holding files
probe -u $root --set=rootuuid
set imgdevpath="/dev/disk/by-uuid/$rootuuid"
export imgdevpath rootuuid
# Custom variables
set isopath="/boot/isos"
export isopath
# Load modules
insmod regexp
insmod all_video
# MultiBoot USB menu
submenu "Multiboot -&gt;" {
# Warning for 32-bit systems
if ! cpuid -l; then
clear
echo "This is a 32-bit computer."
echo "You won't get to use 64-bit software on it."
echo
echo -n "To continue, press ESC or wait 10 seconds... "
sleep --interruptible 10
echo
echo
fi
# Load custom configuration
if [ -e "$prefix/mbusb.cfg.local" ]; then
source "$prefix/mbusb.cfg.local"
fi
# Load configuration files
echo -n "Loading configuration files... "
for cfgfile in $prefix/mbusb.d/*.d/*.cfg; do
source "$cfgfile"
done
}
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="manjaro">Manjaro</h3>
<p>Créer le dossier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>mkdir -p /mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/mbusb.d/manjaro.d/
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Créer le fichier de configuration</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>nano /mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/mbusb.d/manjaro.d/generic.cfg
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>for isofile in $isopath/manjaro-*.iso; do
if [ -e "$isofile" ]; then
regexp --set=isoname "$isopath/(.*)" "$isofile"
submenu "$isoname -&gt;" "$isofile" {
iso_path="$2"
loopback loop "$iso_path"
probe --label --set=cd_label (loop)
menuentry "Start Manjaro Linux" {
bootoptions="img_dev=$imgdevpath img_loop=$iso_path earlymodules=loop misobasedir=manjaro misolabel=$cd_label nouveau.modeset=1 i915.modeset=1 radeon.modeset=1 logo.nologo overlay=free lang=fr_FR keytable=fr quiet splash showopts"
linux (loop)/boot/vmlinuz-* $bootoptions
initrd (loop)/boot/initramfs-*.img
}
menuentry "Start (non-free drivers)" {
bootoptions="img_dev=$imgdevpath img_loop=$iso_path earlymodules=loop misobasedir=manjaro misolabel=$cd_label nouveau.modeset=0 i915.modeset=1 radeon.modeset=0 nonfree=yes logo.nologo overlay=nonfree lang=fr_FR keytable=fr quiet splash showopts"
linux (loop)/boot/vmlinuz-* $bootoptions
initrd (loop)/boot/initramfs-*.img
}
}
fi
done
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Copier le fichier iso manjaro dans le dossier <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/mnt/multiboot/boot/isos/</code></p>
<h3 id="kali">Kali</h3>
<p>Créer le dossier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>mkdir -p /mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/mbusb.d/kali.d/
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Créer le fichier de configuration</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>nano /mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/mbusb.d/kali.d/generic.cfg
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>for isofile in $isopath/kali-linux-*.iso; do
if [ -e "$isofile" ]; then
regexp --set=isoname "$isopath/(.*)" "$isofile"
submenu "$isoname -&gt;" "$isofile" {
iso_path="$2"
loopback loop "$iso_path"
# Live boot
menuentry "Live system (amd64)" --hotkey=l {
linux (loop)/live/vmlinuz-5.18.0-kali5-amd64 boot=live components quiet splash noeject findiso=${iso_path}
initrd (loop)/live/initrd.img-5.18.0-kali5-amd64
}
if [ "${grub_platform}" = "efi" ]; then
menuentry "Live system (amd64 fail-safe mode)" {
linux (loop)/live/vmlinuz-5.18.0-kali5-amd64 boot=live components noeject memtest noapic noapm nodma nomce nolapic nosmp nosplash vga=normal
initrd (loop)/live/initrd.img-5.18.0-kali5-amd64
}
else
menuentry "Live system (amd64 fail-safe mode)" {
linux (loop)/live/vmlinuz-5.18.0-kali5-amd64 boot=live components noeject memtest noapic noapm nodma nomce nolapic nomodeset nosmp nosplash vga=normal
initrd (loop)/live/initrd.img-5.18.0-kali5-amd64
}
fi
menuentry "Live system (amd64 forensic mode)" {
linux (loop)/live/vmlinuz-5.18.0-kali5-amd64 boot=live components quiet splash noeject findiso=${iso_path} noswap noautomount
initrd (loop)/live/initrd.img-5.18.0-kali5-amd64
}
menuentry "Live system with USB persistence (check kali.org/prst)" {
linux (loop)/live/vmlinuz-5.18.0-kali5-amd64 boot=live components quiet splash noeject findiso=${iso_path} persistence
initrd (loop)/live/initrd.img-5.18.0-kali5-amd64
}
menuentry "Live system with USB Encrypted persistence" {
linux (loop)/live/vmlinuz-5.18.0-kali5-amd64 boot=live components quiet splash noeject findiso=${iso_path} persistent=cryptsetup persistence-encryption=luks persistence
initrd (loop)/live/initrd.img-5.18.0-kali5-amd64
}
}
fi
done
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Modifier la configuration pour prise en charge langue FR par défaut</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sed -i 's/hostname=kali/hostname=kali lang=fr_FR.UTF-8 locales=fr_FR.UTF-8 keyboard-layouts=fr keyboard-model=pc105/g' /mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/mbusb.d/kali.d/generic.cfg
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Log et mot de passe : kali</p>
<h3 id="partition-magic">Partition magic</h3>
<p>Montage fichier iso sur tmp</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>mkdir -p tmp
sudo mount -o loop -t iso9660 pmagic_2019_12_24.iso tmp/
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Copie du répertoire <strong>pmagic</strong> sur la racine de la clé USB</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo cp -r tmp/pmagic/ /mnt/multiboot/ &amp;&amp; sync
sudo umount tmp
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplacer le fichier <strong>/mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/mbusb.d/pmagic.d/generic.cfg</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>submenu "Pmagic --&gt;" {
set default_settings="edd=on keymap=fr-latin1 fr_FR"
set live_settings="boot=live eject=no"
set linux_64="/pmagic/bzImage64"
set linux_32="/pmagic/bzImage"
set initrd_img="/pmagic/initrd.img /pmagic/fu.img /pmagic/m64.img"
set initrd_img32="/pmagic/initrd.img /pmagic/fu.img /pmagic/m32.img"
set message="Chargement kernel et initramfs. Patienter SVP..."
menuentry "Pmagic - Default settings 64 (Runs from RAM)"{
echo $message
search --set -f $linux_64
linux $linux_64 $default_settings
initrd $initrd_img
}
menuentry "Pmagic - Default settings 32 (Runs from RAM)"{
search --set -f $linux_32
linux $linux_32 $default_settings
initrd $initrd_img32
}
menuentry "Pmagic - Live with default settings 64"{
echo $message
search --set -f $linux_64
linux $linux_64 $default_settings $live_settings
initrd $initrd_img
}
menuentry "Pmagic - Live with default settings 32"{
search --set -f $linux_32
linux $linux_32 $default_settings $live_settings
initrd $initrd_img32
}
menuentry "Pmagic - Clonezilla 64"{
echo $message
search --set -f $linux_64
linux $linux_64 $default_settings clonezilla=yes
initrd $initrd_img
}
menuentry "Pmagic - Clonezilla 32"{
search --set -f $linux_32
linux $linux_32 $default_settings clonezilla=yes
initrd $initrd_img32
}
}
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="debian">Debian</h3>
<p>On monte l’image iso debian</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop,ro iso/debian/bullseye/firmware-11.2.0-amd64-netinst.iso /mnt/iso
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Copier le dossier</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo rsync -avz --exclude "debian" /mnt/iso /mnt/multiboot/debian
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Créer le fichier <strong>/mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/mbusb.d/debian.d/generic.cfg</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>submenu "Debian 11 + Firmware --&gt;" {
menuentry --hotkey=g 'Graphical install' {
set background_color=black
linux /debian/install.amd/vmlinuz vga=788 --- quiet
initrd /debian/install.amd/gtk/initrd.gz
}
menuentry --hotkey=i 'Install' {
set background_color=black
linux /debian/install.amd/vmlinuz vga=788 --- quiet
initrd /debian/install.amd/initrd.gz
}
}
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="démarrez-un-iso-avec-memdisk-facultatif">Démarrez un ISO avec MEMDISK (facultatif)</h2>
<p>[Using Syslinux’s MEMDISK][usingmemdisk], , un fichier ISO peut être chargé directement en mémoire (si le système en a assez), ce qui permettra de démarrer certaines images ISO non prises en charge.</p>
<p>Pour obtenir le fichier binaire de MEMDISK, vous pouvez installer <a href="">syslinux</a> à l’aide du gestionnaire de paquets de votre système et le trouver dans <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/usr/lib/syslinux/memdisk</code> ou <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/memdisk</code>, suivant votre distribution.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo pacman -S syslinux # le fichier /usr/lib64/syslinux/bios/memdisk
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Alternativement, vous pouvez télécharger l’archive officielle depuis <a href="https://www.kernel.org/">kernel.org</a>, dans ce cas, vous trouverez le binaire <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">/bios/memdisk/memdisk</code>.</p>
<p>Une fois que vous avez le fichier, il suffit de le copier dans votre partition de données:</p>
<div class="language-sh highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">cp</span> <span class="nt">-f</span> /usr/lib64/syslinux/bios/memdisk /mnt/multiboot/boot/grub/
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Démontage</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo umount /mnt/multiboot
sudo umount /mnt/multiboot/efi
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="test-périphérique-usb-avec-qemu">Test périphérique USB avec QEMU</h2>
<p>Pour tester le lecteur USB nouvellement créé dans un environnement virtuel, exécutez:</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -rtc base=localtime -m 2G -vga std -drive file=/dev/sdd,readonly=on,cache=none,format=raw,if=virtio
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Remplacer <em>/dev/sdd</em> par le nom du périphérique USB (par exemple. <em>/dev/sdb,/dev/sdc,etc…</em>).<br />
Exécutez <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">lsblk</code> pour obtenir cette information.</p>
<h2 id="annexe">Annexe</h2>
<h3 id="obtenir-des-fichiers-amorçables-iso">Obtenir des fichiers amorçables ISO</h3>
<p>Vous pouvez télécharger des fichiers ISO à partir de ces sites ,dans le dossier <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">&lt;mountpoint&gt;/boot/isos</code>:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong><a href="https://antergos.com/">Antergos</a></strong>:un système d’exploitation moderne, élégant et puissant basé sur une des meilleures distributions Linux disponibles, Arch Linux.</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://www.archlinux.org/">Arch Linux</a></strong>: une distribution légère et flexible de Linux® qui tente de rester simple.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://www.avg.com/ww-en/rescue-cd-business-edition">AVG Rescue CD</a></strong>:un outil pour réparer les pannes du système et permettre à vos systèmes de fonctionner à pleine capacité.</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://backbox.org/">BackBox</a></strong>: une distribution basée sur Ubuntu développée pour effectuer des tests de pénétration et des évaluations de sécurité.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://www.centos.org/">CentOS</a></strong>: un effort de logiciel libre axé sur la communauté visant à fournir un écosystème open source robuste.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://clonezilla.org/clonezilla-live.php">Clonezilla Live</a></strong>: une petite distribution GNU/Linux pour le “clonage” des ordinateurs x86/amd64 (x86-64).</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://www.debian.org/">Debian</a></strong>: un système d’exploitation gratuit (OS) pour votre ordinateur.</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://elementary.io/">elementary OS</a></strong>: un remplacement rapide et ouvert pour Windows et OS X.</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://getfedora.org/">Fedora</a></strong>: un système d’exploitation poli et facile à utiliser.</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://www.gentoo.org/">Gentoo Linux</a></strong>: une distribution Linux souple et basée sur les sources.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://gparted.sourceforge.net/livecd.php">GParted Live</a></strong>: outil de partitionnement sur une distribution GNU/Linux.</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://grml.org/">Grml Live Linux</a></strong>: un système live bootable basé sur Debian qui comprend une collection de logiciels GNU/Linux spécialement pour les administrateurs système.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://www.hirensbootcd.org/">Hiren’s BootCD</a></strong>: une trousse de premiers soins pour votre ordinateur.</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://www.kali.org/">Kali Linux</a></strong>: une distribution Linux dérivée de Debian conçue pour le forensic numérique et les tests de pénétration.</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://linuxmint.com/">Linux Mint</a></strong>: une distribution basée sur Ubuntu dont le but est de fournir une expérience complète en incluant des plugins de navigateur, des codecs multimédia, la prise en charge de la lecture de DVD, Java et autres Composants.</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://manjaro.org/">Manjaro Linux</a></strong>: une distribution Linux conviviale basée sur le système d’exploitation Arch développé indépendamment.</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://www.opensuse.org/">openSUSE</a></strong>: un projet et une distribution Linux sponsorisés par SUSE Linux GmbH et d’autres sociétés.</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://www.parabola.nu/">Parabola GNU/Linux-libre</a></strong>: un effort communautaire pour fournir un système d’exploitation entièrement libre simple et léger.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://partedmagic.com/">Parted Magic</a></strong>: une solution complète de gestion des disques durs et plus encore.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://www.slax.org/">Slax Linux</a></strong>: un système d’exploitation Linux moderne, portable, petit et rapide avec une approche modulaire et un design exceptionnel.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://www.slitaz.org/">SliTaz</a></strong>: un système d’exploitation sécurisé et performant utilisant le noyau Linux et le logiciel GNU.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://www.sysresccd.org/">SystemRescueCd</a></strong>: une solution de secours de système Linux pour administrer ou réparer votre système et vos données après une panne.</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://tails.boum.org/">Tails</a></strong>: un système d’exploitation en direct, qui vise à préserver votre vie privée et l’anonymat.</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://trisquel.info/">Trisquel GNU/Linux</a></strong>: un système d’exploitation entièrement gratuit pour les particuliers, les petites entreprises et les centres éducatifs.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://www.ubuntu.com/">Ubuntu</a></strong>: une plateforme logicielle open source qui va du cloud, au smartphone.</li>
<li><strong><a href="http://www.voidlinux.eu/">Void</a></strong>: un système d’exploitation à usage général, basé sur le noyau Linux® monolithique.</li>
</ul>
<p>Vous pouvez obtenir des noyaux iPXE à partir de ces sites Web (sauvegardez sur <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">&lt;mountpoint&gt;/boot/krnl</code>):</p>
<ul>
<li><strong><a href="http://boot.rackspace.com/">boot.rackspace.com</a></strong>: une collection de scripts iPXE qui vous permettent de rapidement redémarrer les systèmes d’exploitation, les utilitaires et d’autres outils très facilement.</li>
<li><strong><a href="https://netboot.xyz/">netboot.xyz</a></strong>: un moyen de sélectionner les différents installateurs ou utilitaires du système d’exploitation à partir d’un emplacement dans le BIOS sans avoir besoin d’aller chercher le support pour exécuter l’outil.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="liens">Liens</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.linuxbabe.com/desktop-linux/boot-from-iso-files-using-grub2-boot-loader">How to Boot ISO Files From GRUB2 Boot Loader</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=MEMDISK">memdisk</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.syslinux.org/">syslinux</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/">kernel.org</a></li>
<li><a href="http://qemu.org/">qemu</a></li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Multiboot_USB_drive#Using_Syslinux_and_memdisk">usingmemdisk</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/Thermionix/multipass-usb">multipass-usb</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.circuidipity.com/multi-boot-usb.html">multiboot-usb</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.panticz.de/MultiBootUSB">multibootusb</a></li>
<li><a href="http://forums.kali.org/showthread.php?1025-Grub2-Loop-Boot-Solution">loop-boot</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.gtkdb.de/index_7_2627.html">grml-usb-stick</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/sgdisk.html">sgdisk</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/hybrid.html">hybridmbr</a></li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Multiboot_USB_drive#Hybrid_UEFI_GPT_.2B_BIOS_GPT.2FMBR_boot">efi+bios</a></li>
</ul>
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/* toc must before affix, since affix need to konw toc' height. */(function() {
var SOURCES = window.TEXT_VARIABLES.sources;
var TOC_SELECTOR = window.TEXT_VARIABLES.site.toc.selectors;
window.Lazyload.js(SOURCES.jquery, function() {
var $window = $(window);
var $articleContent = $('.js-article-content');
var $tocRoot = $('.js-toc-root'), $col2 = $('.js-col-aside');
var toc;
var tocDisabled = false;
var hasSidebar = $('.js-page-root').hasClass('layout--page--sidebar');
var hasToc = $articleContent.find(TOC_SELECTOR).length > 0;
function disabled() {
return $col2.css('display') === 'none' || !hasToc;
}
tocDisabled = disabled();
toc = $tocRoot.toc({
selectors: TOC_SELECTOR,
container: $articleContent,
scrollTarget: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
scroller: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
disabled: tocDisabled
});
$window.on('resize', window.throttle(function() {
tocDisabled = disabled();
toc && toc.setOptions({
disabled: tocDisabled
});
}, 100));
});
})();
(function() {
var SOURCES = window.TEXT_VARIABLES.sources;
window.Lazyload.js(SOURCES.jquery, function() {
var $window = $(window), $pageFooter = $('.js-page-footer');
var $pageAside = $('.js-page-aside');
var affix;
var tocDisabled = false;
var hasSidebar = $('.js-page-root').hasClass('layout--page--sidebar');
affix = $pageAside.affix({
offsetBottom: $pageFooter.outerHeight(),
scrollTarget: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
scroller: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
scroll: hasSidebar ? $('.js-page-main').children() : null,
disabled: tocDisabled
});
$window.on('resize', window.throttle(function() {
affix && affix.setOptions({
disabled: tocDisabled
});
}, 100));
window.pageAsideAffix = affix;
});
})();
</script><!---->
</div>
<script>(function () {
var $root = document.getElementsByClassName('root')[0];
if (window.hasEvent('touchstart')) {
$root.dataset.isTouch = true;
document.addEventListener('touchstart', function(){}, false);
}
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>
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