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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no"><title>OVH VPS SSD 1 KVM OpenStack (1 vCore/2GoRam/20GoSSD) domaine lamalleauxciseaux.fr - YannStatic</title>
<meta name="description" content="KVM Debian Stretch lamalleauxciseaux.fr">
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resultsContainer: document.getElementById('results-container'),
json: '/search.json',
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searchResultTemplate: '<li><a href="{url}">{date}&nbsp;{title}</a></li>'
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<article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article"><div class="article__header"><header><h1 style="color:Tomato;">OVH VPS SSD 1 KVM OpenStack (1 vCore/2GoRam/20GoSSD) domaine lamalleauxciseaux.fr</h1></header></div><meta itemprop="headline" content="OVH VPS SSD 1 KVM OpenStack (1 vCore/2GoRam/20GoSSD) domaine lamalleauxciseaux.fr"><div class="article__info clearfix"><ul class="left-col menu"><li>
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<a class="button button--secondary button--pill button--sm" style="color:#00FFFF" href="/archive.html?tag=serveur">serveur</a>
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<i class="far fa-calendar-alt"></i>&nbsp;<span title="Création" style="color:#FF00FF">&nbsp;2&nbsp;mars&nbsp;&nbsp;2019</span>
<span title="Modification" style="color:#00FF7F">&nbsp;5&nbsp;juil.&nbsp;2021</span></li></ul></div><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2021-07-05T00:00:00+02:00">
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<summary><b>Afficher/cacher Sommaire</b></summary>
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</details><h2 id="kvm-debian-stretch-lamalleauxciseauxfr">KVM Debian Stretch lamalleauxciseaux.fr</h2>
<p><img src="/images/debian-stretch-banner.png" alt="Debian 9" width="100" /></p>
<p>Package: 2 GB Mémoire, 1 CPU, 20 GB SSD, 100 Mbps<br />
Selected Location: Gravelines<br />
Debian Stretch 64<br />
Livraison : vps655643</p>
<ul>
<li>IPv4 du serveur : 54.38.65.40</li>
<li>IPv6 du serveur : 2001:41d0:0305:2100:0000:0000:0000:6896</li>
<li>IPV6 gateway : 2001:41d0:0305:2100:0000:0000:0000:0001</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="vps-ovh--activation-ipv6">VPS OVH , activation IPV6</h3>
<p>Connexion sur “OVH8 VPS SSD 3 KVM 2 vCore(s) Ram 8Go SSD 40Go Debian Stretch”</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ssh root@54.38.65.40
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Sur le VPS OVH il faut désactiver l’initialisation réseau par le cloud</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code># To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Création du fichier <strong>/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg</strong> en mode su</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>echo "network: {config: disabled}" &gt; /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Le fichier <strong>/etc/network/interfaces</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto ens3
iface ens3 inet dhcp
iface ens3 inet6 static
address 2001:41d0:0305:2100:0000:0000:0000:6896
netmask 128
post-up /sbin/ip -6 route add 2001:41d0:0305:2100:0000:0000:0000:0001 dev ens3
post-up /sbin/ip -6 route add default via 2001:41d0:0305:2100:0000:0000:0000:0001 dev ens3
pre-down /sbin/ip -6 route del default via 2001:41d0:0305:2100:0000:0000:0000:0001 dev ens3
pre-down /sbin/ip -6 route del 2001:41d0:0305:2100:0000:0000:0000:0001 dev ens3
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p>Redémarrer la machine <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">systemctl reboot</code> pour la prise en compte des modifications du réseau</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Vérifier le réseau <code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">ip addr</code></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>1: lo: &lt;LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP&gt; mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens3: &lt;BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP&gt; mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether fa:16:3e:3c:72:17 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 54.38.65.40/32 brd 54.38.65.40 scope global ens3
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 2001:41d0:305:2100::6896/128 scope global
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe3c:7217/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="mise-à-jour-debian-et-installation-des-utilitaires">Mise à jour Debian et installation des utilitaires</h3>
<p>Màj</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>apt update &amp;&amp; apt upgrade
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Installer utilitaires</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>apt install rsync curl tmux jq figlet git mailutils dnsutils -y
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="configurer-locales-fr-et-en">Configurer Locales (fr et en)</h3>
<p>Locales : <strong>fr_FR.UTF-8</strong> et <strong>en_US.UTF-8</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>dpkg-reconfigure locales
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>Generating locales <span class="o">(</span>this might take a <span class="k">while</span><span class="o">)</span>...
fr_FR.UTF-8... <span class="k">done
</span>en_US.UTF-8... <span class="k">done
</span>Generation complete.
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="europeparis-timezone-tzdata">Europe/Paris (TimeZone tzdata)</h3>
<p>Europe/Paris</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>Current default time zone: 'Europe/Paris'
Local time is now: Thu Feb 28 09:43:15 CET 2019.
Universal Time is now: Thu Feb 28 08:43:15 UTC 2019.
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="création-utilisateur">Création utilisateur</h3>
<p>Utilisateur <strong>usera</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>useradd -m -d /home/usera/ -s /bin/bash usera
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Mot de passe <strong>usera</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>passwd usera
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Visudo pour les accès root via utilisateur <strong>usera</strong></p>
<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>apt <span class="nb">install sudo</span> <span class="c"># installé par défaut</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"usera ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL"</span> <span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span> /etc/sudoers
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Changer le mot de passe root</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>passwd root
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Déconnexion puis connexion ssh en mode utilisateur</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ssh usera@54.38.65.40
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Les instructions suivantes se font en mode su</p>
<h3 id="hostname">Hostname</h3>
<p>Exécuter les instructions suivantes en mode su<br />
Configuration OVH à modifier <strong>/etc/cloud/cloud.cfg</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>preserve_hostname: true
manage_etc_hosts: false
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Modifier <strong>hostname</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>hostnamectl set-hostname --static lamalleauxciseaux.fr
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Modifier <strong>/etc/hosts</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>nano /etc/hosts
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>127.0.1.1 lamalleauxciseaux.fr vps655643
127.0.0.1 localhost
...
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Vérifications</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>hostnamectl
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> Static hostname: lamalleauxciseaux.fr
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 8eb48cbca3054aedbe960bdd3103476a
Boot ID: ed23cfb73fe44706a25cb1d6e24be9f9
Virtualization: kvm
Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 9 (stretch)
Kernel: Linux 4.9.0-8-amd64
Architecture: x86-64
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>hostname --fqdn
lamalleauxciseaux.fr
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="ovh-dns-fournisseur-domaine">OVH DNS fournisseur domaine</h3>
<p>Domaine <strong>lamalleauxciseaux.fr</strong> distribué par OVH</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>$TTL 3600
@ IN SOA dns110.ovh.net. tech.ovh.net. (2019051000 86400 3600 3600000 300)
3600 IN NS ns110.ovh.net.
3600 IN NS dns110.ovh.net.
3600 IN A 54.38.65.40
3600 IN AAAA 2001:41d0:0305:2100:0000:0000:0000:6896
www 3600 IN CNAME lamalleauxciseaux.fr.
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="openssh-clé-et-script">OpenSSH, clé et script</h3>
<p><img src="/images/ssh_logo1.png" alt="OpenSSH" width="100" /></p>
<p><strong>connexion avec clé</strong><br />
<u>sur l'ordinateur de bureau</u>
Générer une paire de clé curve25519-sha256 (ECDH avec Curve25519 et SHA2) nommé <strong>kvm-cinay</strong> pour une liaison SSH avec le serveur KVM.</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -o -a 100 -f ~/.ssh/kvm-vps655643
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Envoyer la clé publique sur le serveur KVM</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>scp ~/.ssh/kvm-vps655643.pub usera@54.38.65.40:/home/usera/
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><u>sur le serveur KVM</u>
On se connecte</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ssh usera@54.38.65.40
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Copier le contenu de la clé publique dans /home/$USER/.ssh/authorized_keys</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>cd ~
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Sur le KVM ,créer un dossier .ssh</p>
<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="nb">mkdir</span> .ssh
<span class="nb">cat</span> <span class="nv">$HOME</span>/kvm-vps655643.pub <span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="nv">$HOME</span>/.ssh/authorized_keys
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>et donner les droits</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>chmod 600 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>effacer le fichier de la clé</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>rm $HOME/kvm-vps655643.pub
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Modifier la configuration serveur SSH</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Modifier</p>
<div class="language-conf highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="n">Port</span> = <span class="m">55033</span>
<span class="n">PermitRootLogin</span> <span class="n">no</span>
<span class="n">PasswordAuthentication</span> <span class="n">no</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p><u>session SSH ne se termine pas correctement lors d'un "reboot" à distance</u><br />
Si vous tentez de <strong>redémarrer/éteindre</strong> une machine distance par <strong>ssh</strong>, vous pourriez constater que votre session ne se termine pas correctement, vous laissant avec un terminal inactif jusqu’à l’expiration d’un long délai d’inactivité. Il existe un bogue 751636 à ce sujet. Pour l’instant, la solution de contournement à ce problème est d’installer :</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo apt-get install libpam-systemd
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>cela terminera la session ssh avant que le réseau ne tombe.<br />
Veuillez noter qu’il est nécessaire que PAM soit activé dans sshd.</p>
<p>Relancer openSSH</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo systemctl restart sshd
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Accès depuis le poste distant avec la clé privée</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>ssh -p 55033 -i ~/.ssh/kvm-vps655643 usera@lamalleauxciseaux.fr
</code></pre></div></div>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>ATTENTION!!! Les scripts sur connexion peuvent poser des problèmes pour des appels externes autres que ssh</strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p><strong>Exécution script sur connexion</strong><br />
Exécuter un fichier <em>utilisateur</em> nommé <strong>$HOME/.ssh/rc</strong> si <em>présent</em><br />
Pour <em>tous les utilisateurs</em> exécuter un fichier nommé <strong>/etc/ssh/sshrc</strong> si <em>présent</em><br />
Installer les utilitaires <em>curl jq figlet</em></p>
<p>Le batch</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>nano ~/.ssh/rc
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-bash highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code><span class="c">#!/bin/bash</span>
<span class="c">#clear</span>
<span class="nv">PROCCOUNT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="sb">`</span>ps <span class="nt">-Afl</span> | <span class="nb">wc</span> <span class="nt">-l</span><span class="sb">`</span> <span class="c"># nombre de lignes</span>
<span class="nv">PROCCOUNT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">expr</span> <span class="nv">$PROCCOUNT</span> - 5<span class="sb">`</span> <span class="c"># on ote les non concernées</span>
<span class="nv">GROUPZ</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">users</span><span class="sb">`</span>
<span class="nv">ipinfo</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">$(</span>curl <span class="nt">-s</span> ipinfo.io<span class="si">)</span> <span class="c"># info localisation format json</span>
<span class="nv">publicip</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">$(</span><span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="nv">$ipinfo</span> | jq <span class="nt">-r</span> <span class="s1">'.ip'</span><span class="si">)</span> <span class="c"># extraction des données , installer préalablement "jq"</span>
<span class="nv">ville</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">$(</span><span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="nv">$ipinfo</span> | jq <span class="nt">-r</span> <span class="s1">'.city'</span><span class="si">)</span>
<span class="nv">pays</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="si">$(</span><span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="nv">$ipinfo</span> | jq <span class="nt">-r</span> <span class="s1">'.country'</span><span class="si">)</span>
<span class="nv">cpuname</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">cat</span> /proc/cpuinfo |grep <span class="s1">'model name'</span> | <span class="nb">cut</span> <span class="nt">-d</span>: <span class="nt">-f2</span> | <span class="nb">sed</span> <span class="nt">-n</span> 1p<span class="sb">`</span>
<span class="nv">iplink</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="sb">`</span>ip <span class="nb">link </span>show |grep <span class="nt">-m</span> 1 <span class="s2">"2:"</span> | <span class="nb">awk</span> <span class="s1">'{print $2}'</span> | <span class="nb">cut</span> <span class="nt">-d</span>: <span class="nt">-f1</span><span class="sb">`</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[0m</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;31m"</span>
figlet <span class="s2">"</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">hostname</span> <span class="nt">--fqdn</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="s2">"</span>
<span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">"</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[0m
</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;37mHostname </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m= </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;32m</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">hostname</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="s2">
</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;37mWired IpV4 </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m= </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;32m</span><span class="sb">`</span>ip addr show <span class="nv">$iplink</span> | <span class="nb">grep</span> <span class="s1">'inet\b'</span> | <span class="nb">awk</span> <span class="s1">'{print $2}'</span> | <span class="nb">cut</span> <span class="nt">-d</span>/ <span class="nt">-f1</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="s2">
</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;37mWired IpV6 </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m= </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;32m</span><span class="sb">`</span>ip addr show <span class="nv">$iplink</span> | <span class="nb">grep</span> <span class="nt">-E</span> <span class="s1">'inet6'</span> |grep <span class="nt">-E</span> <span class="s1">'scope link'</span> | <span class="nb">awk</span> <span class="s1">'{print $2}'</span> | <span class="nb">cut</span> <span class="nt">-d</span>/ <span class="nt">-f1</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="s2">
</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;37mKernel </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m= </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;32m</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">uname</span> <span class="nt">-r</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="s2">
</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;37mDebian </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m= </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;32m</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">cat</span> /etc/debian_version<span class="sb">`</span><span class="s2">
</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;37mUptime </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m= </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;32m</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">uptime</span> | <span class="nb">sed</span> <span class="s1">'s/.*up ([^,]*), .*/1/'</span> | <span class="nb">sed</span> <span class="nt">-e</span> <span class="s1">'s/^[ \t]*//'</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="s2">
</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;37mCPU </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m= </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;32m</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="nv">$cpuname</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="s2">
</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;37mMemory Use </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m= </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;32m</span><span class="sb">`</span>free <span class="nt">-m</span> | <span class="nb">awk</span> <span class="s1">'NR==2{printf "%s/%sMB (%.2f%%)\n", $3,$2,$3*100/$2 }'</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="s2">
</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;37mUsername </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m= </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;32m</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">whoami</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="s2">
</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;37mSessions </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m= </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;32m</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">who</span> | <span class="nb">grep</span> <span class="nv">$USER</span> | <span class="nb">wc</span> <span class="nt">-l</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="s2">
</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;37mPublic IpV4 </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m= </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;32m</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="nv">$publicip</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="s2">
</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;37mPublic IpV6 </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;35m= </span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[1;32m</span><span class="sb">`</span>ip addr show <span class="nv">$iplink</span> | <span class="nb">grep</span> <span class="nt">-m</span> 1 <span class="s1">'inet6\b'</span> | <span class="nb">awk</span> <span class="s1">'{print $2}'</span> | <span class="nb">cut</span> <span class="nt">-d</span>/ <span class="nt">-f1</span><span class="sb">`</span><span class="s2">
</span><span class="se">\0</span><span class="s2">33[0m"</span>
<span class="nb">df</span> <span class="nt">-h</span> /
<span class="c">#curl fr.wttr.in/$ville?0</span>
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Recréer motd</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo rm /etc/motd &amp;&amp; sudo nano /etc/motd
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> __ ___ ___ __ _ _ ____
__ __ _ __ ___ / / | __|| __| / / | | ||__ /
\ V /| '_ \(_-&lt;/ _ \|__ \|__ \/ _ \|_ _||_ \
\_/ | .__//__/\___/|___/|___/\___/ |_||___/
| ||_| _ _ __ __ _ | || | ___
| |/ _` | | ' \ / _` || || |/ -_)
|_|\__,_| |_|_|_|\__,_||_||_|\___|
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Déconnexion puis connexion</p>
<h3 id="systemdjournal">systemd/journal</h3>
<p>Ajout de l’utilisateur courant au groupe systemd-journal</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo gpasswd -a $USER systemd-journal
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Accès utilisateur aux fichiers log</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo gpasswd -a $USER adm
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Après déconnexion puis reconnexion , l’utilisateur a accès au journal:</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>journalctl
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Pour avoir les lignes NON TRONQUEES</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>export SYSTEMD_LESS=FRXMK journalctl
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Pour un mode permanent ,modifier <strong>~/.bashrc</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>echo "export SYSTEMD_LESS=FRXMK journalctl" &gt;&gt; ~/.bashrc
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="certificats-ssl-letsencrypt-acme">Certificats SSL letsencrypt (acme)</h3>
<p><img src="/images/letsencrypt-logo1.png" alt="SSL Letsencrypt" width="100" /></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://yann.cinay.eu/2017/08/31/Acme-Certficats-Serveurs.html">Serveur , installer et renouveler les certificats SSL Let’s encrypt</a></li>
</ul>
<p>Domaines <strong>lamalleauxciseaux.fr</strong> et <strong>www.lamalleauxciseaux.fr</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>acme.sh --dns dns_ovh --issue --keylength ec-384 -d 'lamalleauxciseaux.fr' -d 'www.lamalleauxciseaux.fr'
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Résultat</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>[jeudi 10 octobre 2019, 09:15:20 (UTC+0200)] Your cert is in /home/usera//.acme.sh/lamalleauxciseaux.fr_ecc/lamalleauxciseaux.fr.cer
[jeudi 10 octobre 2019, 09:15:20 (UTC+0200)] Your cert key is in /home/usera//.acme.sh/lamalleauxciseaux.fr_ecc/lamalleauxciseaux.fr.key
[jeudi 10 octobre 2019, 09:15:20 (UTC+0200)] The intermediate CA cert is in /home/usera//.acme.sh/lamalleauxciseaux.fr_ecc/ca.cer
[jeudi 10 octobre 2019, 09:15:20 (UTC+0200)] And the full chain certs is there: /home/usera//.acme.sh/lamalleauxciseaux.fr_ecc/fullchain.cer
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Les liens pour les certificats</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo -s
ln -s /home/usera//.acme.sh/lamalleauxciseaux.fr_ecc/fullchain.cer /etc/ssl/private/lamalleauxciseaux.fr-fullchain.pem # full chain certs
ln -s /home/usera//.acme.sh/lamalleauxciseaux.fr_ecc/lamalleauxciseaux.fr.key /etc/ssl/private/lamalleauxciseaux.fr-key.pem # cert key
ln -s /home/usera//.acme.sh/lamalleauxciseaux.fr_ecc/lamalleauxciseaux.fr.cer /etc/ssl/private/lamalleauxciseaux.fr-chain.pem # cert
ln -s /home/usera//.acme.sh/lamalleauxciseaux.fr_ecc/ca.cer /etc/ssl/private/lamalleauxciseaux.fr-ca.pem # intermediate CA cert
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Renouvellement automatique</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>crontab -l
28 0 * * * "/home/usera//.acme.sh"/acme.sh --cron --home "/home/usera//.acme.sh" &gt; /dev/null
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="nginx-php">Nginx PHP</h3>
<p><img src="/images/php_nginx.png" alt="lemp" width="100" /></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="404.html">Debian Stretch, Compilation Nginx (modules-dynamiques) + TLSv1.3 + PHP7.3 + MariaDb </a></li>
</ul>
<p>Télécharger le script , l’exécuter</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>wget https://yann.cinay.eu/files/debian9-compilation-nginx-tls1.3-php7.3-MariaDB.sh.txt -O debian9-compilation-nginx-tls1.3-php7.3-MariaDB.sh
chmod +x debian9-compilation-nginx-tls1.3-php7.3-MariaDB.sh
./debian9-compilation-nginx-tls1.3-php7.3-MariaDB.sh
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Les fichiers de configurations ssl headers et nginx</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo nano /etc/nginx/ssl_params
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/private/lamalleauxciseaux.fr-fullchain.pem;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/lamalleauxciseaux.fr-key.pem;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:50m;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# Ciphers with modern compatibility
# New protocol TLSv1.3
ssl_protocols TLSv1.3 TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers 'TLS13-CHACHA20-POLY1305-SHA256:TLS13-AES-256-GCM-SHA384:TLS13-AES-128-GCM-SHA256:EECDH+AESGCM:EDH+AESGCM:AES256+EECDH:AES256+EDH';
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>entêtes</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo nano /etc/nginx/header_params
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code> # Follows the Web Security Directives from the Mozilla Dev Lab and the Mozilla Obervatory + Partners
# https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Guidelines/Web_Security
# https://observatory.mozilla.org/
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload";
add_header Content-Security-Policy "upgrade-insecure-requests";
add_header Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only "default-src https: data: 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval'";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>On change le dossier racine</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo mkdir /var/www/default-www
sudo mv /var/www/index* /var/www/default-www/
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Configuration de base avec SSL et sécurité + letsencrypt (renouvellement)</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/lamalleauxciseaux.fr.conf
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
## redirect http to https ##
server_name www.lamalleauxciseaux.fr lamalleauxciseaux.fr;
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name www.lamalleauxciseaux.fr lamalleauxciseaux.fr;
#### Locations
# On cache les fichiers statiques
location ~* \.(html|css|js|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg|eot|woff|ttf)$ { expires max; }
# On interdit les dotfiles
location ~ /\. { deny all; }
include ssl_params;
include header_params;
# Diffie-Hellmann
# Uncomment the following directive after DH generation
# &gt; openssl dhparam -out /etc/ssl/private/dh4096.pem -outform PEM -2 4096
# ssl_dhparam /etc/ssl/private/dh4096.pem;
root /var/www/default-www ;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock; # PHP7.3
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $request_filename;
}
# if folder lamalleauxciseaux.fr.d , uncomment the following directive
#include conf.d/lamalleauxciseaux.fr.d/*.conf;
access_log /var/log/nginx/lamalleauxciseaux.fr-access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/lamalleauxciseaux.fr-error.log;
}
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Effacer ancien fichier de config</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo rm /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Vérifier et relancer nginx</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl restart nginx
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Vérifier le lien https://lamalleauxciseaux.fr , le tls 1.3</p>
<p><img src="/images/tlsv1.3lamalle.png" alt="" width="500" /></p>
<h3 id="parefeu-iptables-v4-v6">parefeu (iptables V4 V6)</h3>
<p><img src="/images/iptables1.png" alt="parefeu Iptables" width="100" /></p>
<p>Le script de base <strong>/usr/local/sbin/config_firewall</strong></p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo -s
nano /usr/local/sbin/config_firewall
</code></pre></div></div>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>#!/bin/sh
###################
# IPv4 #
###################
# refuser input et forward par défaut, accepter output
iptables -t filter -P INPUT DROP
iptables -t filter -P FORWARD DROP
iptables -t filter -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
# interface lo (loop) accessible
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
# maintenir les connexions établies
iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# accepter en entrée le ping (icmp), et les
# connexions sur les ports nécessaires.
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m limit --limit 1/s --limit-burst 1 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 55033 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 55033 -j ACCEPT
# accepter en sortie le ping, les requêtes HTTP(S), DNS,
# et les connexions sur les ports nécessaires.
iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
###################
# IPv6 #
###################
# refuser input et forward par défaut, accepter output
ip6tables -t filter -P INPUT DROP
ip6tables -t filter -P FORWARD DROP
ip6tables -t filter -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
# interface lo (loop) accessible
ip6tables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT
# maintenir les connexions établies
ip6tables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
# NDP pour toute interface de type broadcast
ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type neighbour-solicitation -m hl --hl-eq 255 -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type neighbour-advertisement -m hl --hl-eq 255 -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type router-advertisement -m hl --hl-eq 255 -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type neighbour-solicitation -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type neighbour-advertisement -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type router-solicitation -j ACCEPT
# accepter en entrée le ping (icmpv6), les
# connexions entrantes déjà établies et les connexions sur les ports nécessaires.
ip6tables -A INPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type echo-request -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -m limit --limit 1/s --limit-burst 1 -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 55033 -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 55033 -j ACCEPT
# accepter en sortie le ping, les requêtes HTTP(S), DNS,
# et les connexions sur les ports nécessaires.
ip6tables -t filter -A OUTPUT -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type echo-request -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
ip6tables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Droits + exécution</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/config_firewall
/usr/local/sbin/config_firewall
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Pour la sauvegarde et la restauration des règles, on installe le paquet iptables-persistent</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>sudo apt-get install iptables-persistent
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>Répondre au 2 questions pour sauvegarder les règles de base mises en place par le script précédent<br />
Faut-il enregistrer les règles IPv4 actuelles ? Oui<br />
Faut-il enregistrer les règles IPv6 actuelles ? Oui</p>
<h2 id="site-lamalleauxciseauxfr">Site lamalleauxciseaux.fr</h2>
<p><img src="/images/LaMalleauxCiseaux-LOGO-V6-SEUL-rvb.jpg" alt="" width="200" /><br />
<a href="https://lamalleauxciseaux.fr">https://lamalleauxciseaux.fr</a> ou <a href="https://www.lamalleauxciseaux.fr">https://www.lamalleauxciseaux.fr</a></p>
<p>Structure</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>/var/www/
└── default-www
├── css
├── img
├── index.html
├── js
├── lib
└── sitemap.xml
</code></pre></div></div>
<h2 id="référencement">Référencement</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://legissa.ovh/internet-referencement-site-web.html">Référencer un site web : les vraies réponses, la bonne méthode</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="création-du-fichier-sitemapxml">Création du fichier “sitemap.xml”</h3>
<p>Si vous utilisez un CMS, blog, forum, e-commerce, etc, il est probable qu’une fonction créant ce fichier automatiquement existe. Sinon, un plug-in, module, extension devrait exister. Allez sur le site web de votre CMS, blog, e-commerce pour en savoir plus.
Des logiciels à installer soit sur le serveur web, soit sur votre ordinateur peuvent aussi le faire. Enfin, des sites web proposent la création automatique du fichier. Certains de ces services sont gratuits, d’autres payants.
Pour les petits sites web, j’utilise ce service gratuit : <www.xml-sitemaps.com> , mais il y en a d’autres.</www.xml-sitemaps.com></p>
<h3 id="référencement-google">Référencement Google</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>NOTE : il faut un compte google pour accéder au référencement</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="http://www.google.com/ping?sitemap=https://lamalleauxciseaux.fr/sitemap.xml">http://www.google.com/ping?sitemap=https://lamalleauxciseaux.fr/sitemap.xml</a></p>
<p><em>Notification de réception de sitemap<br />
Votre sitemap a été ajouté à notre liste de fichiers à explorer. Si vous signalez ce sitemap à Google pour la première fois, nous vous invitons à l’ajouter par l’intermédiaire de <a href="http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/">http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/</a> afin de pouvoir suivre son état. Notez que nous n’ajoutons pas dans notre index toutes les URL qui nous sont communiquées et ne pouvons ni prévoir ni garantir le moment ou l’éventualité de leur inclusion.</em></p>
<p><a href="http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/">http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/</a></p>
<p><img src="/images/search-google.png" alt="" width="500" /><br />
Il faut modifier la zone dns OVH du domaine <em>lamalleauxciseaux.fr</em> avant de lancer la vérification.</p>
<p>OVH Modifier la zone dns lamalleauxciseaux.fr<br />
<a href="https://support.google.com/a/answer/1389262?hl=fr">OVH.com : valider votre domaine </a></p>
<p>Ce qui suit est à ajouter à la dns :<br />
<code class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge">google-site-verification=QILqaJg8F5oq0NpWd_1rKmiSQfjquZ2U651enGVHyBI</code></p>
<p>Enregistrement DNS OVH après modification</p>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>$TTL 3600
@ IN SOA dns110.ovh.net. tech.ovh.net. (2019030100 86400 3600 3600000 300)
3600 IN NS ns110.ovh.net.
3600 IN NS dns110.ovh.net.
3600 IN A 54.38.65.40
3600 IN AAAA 2001:41d0:0305:2100:0000:0000:0000:6896
IN TXT "google-site-verification=QILqaJg8F5oq0NpWd_1rKmiSQfjquZ2U651enGVHyBI"
</code></pre></div></div>
<p>On y retourne pour valider:<br />
<a href="https://search.google.com/search-console/welcome">https://search.google.com/search-console/welcome</a></p>
<p>Si tout est ok on peut accéder à Google Search Console (il faut un compte google pour y accéder):<br />
<a href="https://search.google.com/search-console?resource_id=sc-domain:lamalleauxciseaux.fr">https://search.google.com/search-console?resource_id=sc-domain:lamalleauxciseaux.fr</a></p>
<h3 id="test-performance">Test performance</h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://tools.pingdom.com/">Pingdom Website Speed Test</a></li>
</ul>
<p><img src="/images/pingdom.png" alt="" width="500" /></p>
<h2 id="liens">Liens</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://lehollandaisvolant.net/tuto/html.php">Optimiser les images</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.skyminds.net/serveur-dedie-optimiser-toutes-les-images-jpg-et-png-avec-optipng-et-jpegoptim/">Serveur dédié : optimiser toutes les images JPG et PNG avec OptiPNG et JpegOptim</a></li>
<li><a href="https://allthefreestock.com/">Free Stock Images &amp; Videos ~ AllTheFreeStock.com</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="modifications">Modifications</h2>
<h3 id="17-mai-2019">17 mai 2019</h3>
<div class="language-plaintext highlighter-rouge"><div class="highlight"><pre class="highlight"><code>* Ajout "perruques médicales" dans les champs `meta` du fichier index.html
</code></pre></div></div>
<h3 id="5-juillet-2021">5 juillet 2021</h3>
<p>Modifications des tarifs <br />
<img src="/images/lamalleauxciseaux.fr-tarif.png" alt="" width="600" /></p>
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var $window = $(window);
var $articleContent = $('.js-article-content');
var $tocRoot = $('.js-toc-root'), $col2 = $('.js-col-aside');
var toc;
var tocDisabled = false;
var hasSidebar = $('.js-page-root').hasClass('layout--page--sidebar');
var hasToc = $articleContent.find(TOC_SELECTOR).length > 0;
function disabled() {
return $col2.css('display') === 'none' || !hasToc;
}
tocDisabled = disabled();
toc = $tocRoot.toc({
selectors: TOC_SELECTOR,
container: $articleContent,
scrollTarget: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
scroller: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
disabled: tocDisabled
});
$window.on('resize', window.throttle(function() {
tocDisabled = disabled();
toc && toc.setOptions({
disabled: tocDisabled
});
}, 100));
});
})();
(function() {
var SOURCES = window.TEXT_VARIABLES.sources;
window.Lazyload.js(SOURCES.jquery, function() {
var $window = $(window), $pageFooter = $('.js-page-footer');
var $pageAside = $('.js-page-aside');
var affix;
var tocDisabled = false;
var hasSidebar = $('.js-page-root').hasClass('layout--page--sidebar');
affix = $pageAside.affix({
offsetBottom: $pageFooter.outerHeight(),
scrollTarget: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
scroller: hasSidebar ? '.js-page-main' : null,
scroll: hasSidebar ? $('.js-page-main').children() : null,
disabled: tocDisabled
});
$window.on('resize', window.throttle(function() {
affix && affix.setOptions({
disabled: tocDisabled
});
}, 100));
window.pageAsideAffix = affix;
});
})();
</script><!---->
</div>
<script>(function () {
var $root = document.getElementsByClassName('root')[0];
if (window.hasEvent('touchstart')) {
$root.dataset.isTouch = true;
document.addEventListener('touchstart', function(){}, false);
}
})();
</script>
</body>
</html>
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